The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio ) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH‐funded Zebrafish International Resource Center. Descriptions of the present status of biosecurity programmes and diagnostic and treatment approaches are included. The most common and important diseases and pathogens are two parasites, Pseudoloma neurophilia and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa , and mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae , M. marinum and M. haemophilum. Less common but deadly diseases are caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Hepatic megalocytosis and egg‐associated inflammation and fibroplasia are common, apparently non‐infectious, in zebrafish laboratories. Water quality diseases include supersaturation and nephrocalcinosis. Common neoplasms are spindle cell sarcomas, ultimobranchial tumours, spermatocytic seminomas and a small‐cell carcinoma that is caused by a transmissible agent. Despite the clear biosecurity risk, researchers continue to use fish from pet stores, and here, we document two novel coccidia associated with significant lesions in zebrafish from one of these stores.

中文翻译：

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研究设施中斑马鱼斑马鱼 (Hamilton 1822) 疾病和健康管理的回顾。


过去二十年来，斑马鱼（ Danio rerio ）在生物医学研究中的应用以惊人的速度扩大。随着使用这种模型的实验室的增加，我们正在发现新的重要疾病。我们根据 NIH 资助的斑马鱼国际资源中心的诊断服务约 20 年的研究和发现，在此回顾了重要的病原体和疾病。其中包括对生物安全计划以及诊断和治疗方法现状的描述。最常见和重要的疾病和病原体是两种寄生虫，即神经假性假毛虫和毛毛细线虫，以及由龟分枝杆菌、海分枝杆菌和嗜血分枝杆菌引起的分枝杆菌病。不太常见但致命的疾病是由鲶鱼爱德华氏菌和传染性脾肾坏死病毒 (ISKNV) 引起的。肝巨细胞增多症和卵相关炎症和纤维增生在斑马鱼实验室中很常见，显然不具有传染性。水质疾病包括过饱和和肾钙质沉着症。常见的肿瘤有梭形细胞肉瘤、上鳃肿瘤、精原细胞瘤和由传染性疾病引起的小细胞癌。尽管存在明显的生物安全风险，研究人员仍继续使用来自宠物商店的鱼，在这里，我们记录了两种与来自其中一家商店的斑马鱼的重大病变相关的新型球虫。