ABSTRACT Chlorophyllum accommodates lamellate agaricoid species as well as sequestrate angiocarpic taxa, which do not form a monophyletic lineage within the genus. To clarify phylogenetic affinities and delimit species boundaries among sequestrate representatives of the genus, we analyzed historical and contemporary material from a broad geographic range, encompassing North America, southern Africa, eastern Asia, the Greek and Iberian peninsulas, and the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Lesvos. Six sequestrate lineages of Chlorophyllum were identified, which appear to have evolved in at least three independent gasteromycetation events. Multigene analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and portions of the nuc 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) genes revealed the presence of a previously undescribed species, introduced here as Chlorophyllum levantinum, sp. nov. Its sister species C. lusitanicum, previously known only from Spain, is shown to have a wider distribution throughout the Mediterranean basin. A South African collection of Secotium gueinzii, a poorly known taxon described in 1840 and seldom appearing in literature since, was also shown to nest within Chlorophyllum. An epitype for this rare species is designated, Secotium becomes a priority synonym of Chlorophyllum, and nomenclatural implications are discussed. The phylogenetic placement of C. arizonicum is confirmed after successful sequencing of the century-old holotype and an undescribed sister lineage of this species detected. Emended descriptions of sections Chlorophyllum, Endoptychorum, and Sphaerospororum are provided to reflect current results, along with updated descriptions and extensive imagery for all known sequestrate taxa of Chlorophyllum.

中文翻译：

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落叶松属叶绿素螯合物种的多重进化起源

摘要 叶绿素容纳了片状伞形花序物种以及隔离的 angiocarpic 类群，它们在该属内不形成单系谱系。为了阐明该属的隔离代表之间的系统发育亲缘关系并划定物种边界，我们分析了来自广泛地理范围的历史和当代材料，包括北美、南部非洲、东亚、希腊和伊比利亚半岛以及地中海岛屿塞浦路斯和莱斯沃斯岛。确定了叶绿素的六个隔离谱系，它们似乎在至少三个独立的胃真菌事件中进化。nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) 和部分 nuc 28S rDNA (28S)、RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基 (rpb2) 的多基因分析，和翻译延伸因子 1-α (tef1) 基因揭示了以前未描述的物种的存在，在此引入为 Chlorophyllum levantinum, sp。十一月 它的姊妹种 C. lusitanicum 以前仅在西班牙已知，现在显示在整个地中海盆地有更广泛的分布。南非的 Secotium gueinzii 集合，一种鲜为人知的分类群，于 1840 年描述，此后很少出现在文献中，也被证明在叶绿素内筑巢。指定了这种稀有物种的表型，Secotium 成为叶绿素的优先同义词，并讨论了命名意义。C. arizonicum 的系统发育位置在成功测序百年正模标本和检测到该物种的未描述姐妹谱系后得到证实。修改了叶绿素部分的描述，