Buckwheat is a crop that has gained considerable interest worldwide due to its nutritional, economical, and pharmaceutical values. To ensure food and nutritional security in a scenario of global climate change, this pseudocereal is a competent alternative to staple crops. With rising knowledge regarding the nutraceutical potential, the popularity of this species is expected to increase further in coming years. The main bioactive component of this species is rutin that has been proven to have a wide range of health-promoting benefits. Due to breeding constraints, asynchronous maturity, seed shattering, and restricted distribution, this species holds the status of an underutilized or neglected crop in many parts of the world. In the North-western Himalayan zone, it is an integral part of local dietary intake and is grown as a second crop after harvesting barley and peas. Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum are the species of buckwheat cultivated in the North-western Himalayas. However, more studies in the direction of conservation, utilization, and genetic amelioration of plant genetic resources are needed to sustain food security in Southeast Asia. The present review paper accentuates the multicore potential of buckwheat besides highlighting the commercial and pharmaceutical perspective. This article also focuses on the conservation and sustainable utilization of Himalayan gene pools, desirable agronomic traits, and genetic diversity besides focusing on the biochemical and molecular response of Fagopyrum to biotic and abiotic stress including modulation of the rutin content. The role of biotechnological interventions and future prospects are also summarized.

中文翻译：

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营养作物荞麦：在喜马拉雅山脉中的隐性财富。

荞麦由于其营养，经济和药用价值，已在世界范围内引起广泛关注。为了在全球气候变化的情况下确保粮食和营养安全，这种伪谷物可以替代主粮。随着人们对营养学潜力的认识不断提高，预计该物种的流行将在未来几年内进一步增加。该物种的主要生物活性成分是芦丁，芦丁已被证明具有广泛的健康促进益处。由于繁殖限制，异步成熟，种子破碎和分布受限，该物种在世界许多地方都处于未充分利用或被忽视的作物的地位。在西北喜马拉雅地区，它是当地饮食摄入不可或缺的一部分，是收获大麦和豌豆之后的第二种作物。荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum）和塔塔里克（F. tataricum）是喜马拉雅西北部种植的荞麦品种。但是，需要进行更多有关植物遗传资源保存，利用和遗传改良的研究，以维持东南亚的粮食安全。除了强调商业和医药的观点外，本综述论文还强调了荞麦的多核潜力。本文还着重于喜马拉雅基因库的保护和可持续利用，理想的农艺性状和遗传多样性，同时着重研究了荞麦对生物和非生物胁迫的生物化学和分子反应，包括对芦丁含量的调节。