This article explores the Late Bronze Age agrarian intensification in the south-east Baltic. In recent years several studies have illustrated that to date there is no solid evidence on Neolithic farming and that the agricultural history of the region was probably distinctly different in comparison to other parts of northern Europe. The recently excavated Kukuliškiai settlement (887–406 cal bc) in coastal Lithuania provides new data, which contribute to the discussion on the development of early farming in the south-east Baltic. Archaeobotanical analysis revealed that local Late Bronze Age communities cultivated a wide range of cereals and pulses, with consumption of wild plants being of minor importance. We also report the earliest finds of Lens culinaris in the region and the earliest AMS ¹⁴C dates on grains of Vicia faba and Avena sp. The composition of botanical assemblages also has some indications of manuring and landscape maintenance, presenting a possibility of permanent fields. Finally, we suggest that adoption and intensification of farming alongside other social, economic and technological innovations could have reached the region from the Nordic and Lusatian cultures via the Baltic Sea communication network.

中文翻译：

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东南波罗的海青铜时代晚期农业集约化的新证据以及伦斯culinaris和野豌豆的最早AMS日期

本文探讨了波罗的海东南部的青铜时代晚期的土地集约化。近年来，一些研究表明，迄今为止，尚无新石器时代农业的确凿证据，与北欧其他地区相比，该地区的农业历史可能有明显不同。最近在立陶宛沿海地区发掘的库库里斯基（Kukuliškiai ）聚落（887-406 cal bc）提供了新的数据，有助于讨论波罗的海东南部早期农业的发展。考古植物学分析表明，当地青铜时代晚期的社区种植了各种各样的谷物和豆类，而食用野生植物的重要性不高。我们还报告了最早的lens culinaris发现该地区最早的AMS ¹⁴ C日期是在蚕豆和Avena sp。植物集合体的组成还具有一些肥料和景观维护的迹象，存在永久性耕地的可能性。最后，我们建议，通过波罗的海通信网络，从北欧和卢萨斯文化中将农业的采用和集约化以及其他社会，经济和技术创新带入该地区。