Modeling, simulation, and optimization methods are used in the present study to design grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances for residential buildings. The principal objective of this study is to design a renewable energy system to serve the electric load of super-efficient appliances with high penetration of renewable resources and low greenhouse gas emissions and cost of energy. Hourly calculations using optimization method are used to study the daily and yearly performance and the cost of the renewable energy systems. A comparison between the performance of the grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems using conventional and super-efficient appliances in Dubai is presented. The comparison includes the total power production from the solar PV system, the power purchased from the grid, the extra power sold to the utility grid, the power used to meet the electrical load of the appliances, the excess power, the renewable fraction, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the levelized cost of energy. The results of the simulation show that the integration of super-efficient appliances powered with the grid-tied solar power system is a good option to control the energy consumption of the residential buildings and to reduce the cost of electricity and greenhouse gas emissions: low building energy consumption (reduction by half of the electrical power consumption: from 62.91 to 30.78 kWh/day using super-efficient appliances); all the electrical power demand for the building is met without shortage; the power systems produce low excess power (0.29–1.82%) compared to the off-grid power system; all the extra power from the solar PV is sold back to the grid to reduce the cost of energy, high renewable fraction (68% of the total energy served to the load is produced from solar PV), low-cost of electricity (12% reduction of the cost of energy compared to the utility grid), and low greenhouse gas emissions (45–51% reductions of the CO₂, NO_X, and SO₂ emissions compared to the conventional electrical appliances).

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超高效电器的并网和离网太阳能光伏系统的设计和优化

本研究使用建模，仿真和优化方法来设计用于住宅建筑的超高效电器的并网和离网太阳能光伏系统。这项研究的主要目的是设计一种可再生能源系统，该系统可为超高效电器的电力负荷提供可再生资源的高渗透率，低温室气体排放和能源成本。使用优化方法的每小时计算用于研究可再生能源系统的每日和年度性能以及成本。在迪拜，使用常规和超高效电器的并网和离网太阳能光伏系统的性能进行了比较。比较包括太阳能光伏系统的总发电量，从电网购买的电力，出售给公用电网的额外电力，用于满足电器用电负荷的电力，多余电力，可再生能源份额，温室气体排放以及能源的均摊成本。仿真结果表明，将高效能设备与并网太阳能发电系统集成在一起是控制住宅建筑能耗并降低电力和温室气体排放成本的好选择：低建筑能源消耗（使用超高效电器将电力消耗减少一半：从每天62.91 kWh降至30.78 kWh）；满足建筑物的所有电力需求而不会出现短缺；与离网电力系统相比，电力系统产生的过剩电力较低（0.29–1.82％）；₂，NO _X和SO ₂排放量与常规电器相比）。