Cardoon could be cropped for agro-environmental, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of biochar on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), and productivity of cardoon crop. A pot experiment was run outdoors from April to August 2018, with a cardoon plant per pot. The following four treatments, with four replicates each, were applied: control, soil only; mineral, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2); biochar, soil amended with biochar (1 kg m−2); and mineral+biochar, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2) and biochar (1 kg m−2). The morphological characteristics and biomass production of cardoon plants were evaluated, and the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured by using the closed chamber technique. The application of biochar combined with mineral reduced N2O emissions by 36% and global warming potential (GWP) by 26% relative to mineral. However, the cumulative CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as yield-scaled GWP were not significantly different among amended soil treatments. Furthermore, the biomass production was increased by 50% by the application of biochar combined with mineral fertilizer relative to mineral. It was concluded that biochar combined with mineral fertilizer is recommended as a pathway mitigation for agro-environmental purposes, because it reduces the global warming potential and could increase the biomass production of cardoon plants.

中文翻译：

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生物炭对温室气体排放和刺猬作物（Cynara cardunculus L.）生产力的影响

刺桐可用于农业环境、工业和制药目的。本研究的目的是评估生物炭对一氧化二氮 (N2O)、二氧化碳 (CO2) 和甲烷 (CH4) 的排放以及刺猬作物生产力的影响。2018 年 4 月至 8 月在户外进行了盆栽实验，每个盆栽一株刺心果。应用以下四个处理，每个处理四个重复：对照，仅土壤；矿物，用矿物肥料改良的土壤（2.5 g N m-2）；biochar，用 biochar 改良的土壤（1 kg m-2）；和矿物+生物炭，用矿物肥料（2.5 g N m-2）和生物炭（1 kg m-2）改良的土壤。评估了刺猬植物的形态特征和生物量产量，并利用密闭室技术测量了 N2O、CO2 和 CH4 的通量。与矿物相比，生物炭与矿物相结合的应用将 N2O 排放量减少了 36%，全球变暖潜能值 (GWP) 降低了 26%。然而，累积的 CO2 和 CH4 排放量以及按产量衡量的 GWP 在改良的土壤处理之间没有显着差异。此外，与矿物相比，生物炭与矿物肥料结合使用，生物质产量增加了 50%。得出的结论是，建议将生物炭与矿物肥料结合作为农业环境目的的缓解途径，因为它可以降低全球变暖潜力，并可以增加刺猬植物的生物量产量。累积的 CO2 和 CH4 排放量以及按产量衡量的 GWP 在修正的土壤处理中没有显着差异。此外，与矿物相比，生物炭与矿物肥料结合使用，生物质产量增加了 50%。得出的结论是，建议将生物炭与矿物肥料结合作为农业环境目的的途径缓解措施，因为它可以降低全球变暖潜力，并可以增加刺猬植物的生物量产量。累积的 CO2 和 CH4 排放量以及按产量衡量的 GWP 在修正的土壤处理中没有显着差异。此外，与矿物相比，生物炭与矿物肥料结合使用，生物质产量增加了 50%。得出的结论是，建议将生物炭与矿物肥料结合作为农业环境目的的途径缓解措施，因为它可以降低全球变暖潜力，并可以增加刺猬植物的生物量产量。