The deterioration of water quality by pollutants is a major health issue. Actual remediation methods are limited, and, as a consequence, there is a need for new remediation technologies. In particular, nanomaterials of unique properties have been recently developed for remediation. Here, we review mechanisms and applications of carbon-based nanomaterials for the adsorption and photocatalytic removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewaters. Nanomaterials allow enhanced adsorption due to strong interactions between pollutants and adsorption sites. In photocatalysis, enhanced efficiency is attributed to the improved light harvesting and reduced recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes.

污染物使水质恶化是一个重大的健康问题。实际的补救方法是有限的，因此，需要新的补救技术。特别地，最近已经开发出具有独特性质的纳米材料用于修复。在这里，我们综述了碳基纳米材料吸附和光催化去除废水中有机和无机污染物的机理和应用。纳米材料由于污染物和吸附位点之间的强烈相互作用而增强了吸附能力。在光催化中，效率的提高归因于光收集电子的改善以及光诱导电子和空穴的复合减少。