SUMMARYBurkholderia cepacia (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia) was once thought to be a single bacterial species but has expanded to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), comprising 24 closely related opportunistic pathogenic species. These bacteria have a widespread environmental distribution, an extraordinary metabolic versatility, a complex genome with three chromosomes, and a high capacity for rapid mutation and adaptation. Additionally, they present an inherent resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics, as well as the abilities to survive under nutrient-limited conditions and to metabolize the organic matter present in oligotrophic aquatic environments, even using certain antimicrobials as carbon sources. These traits constitute the reason that Bcc bacteria are considered feared contaminants of aqueous pharmaceutical and personal care products and the frequent reason behind nonsterile product recalls. Contamination with Bcc has caused numerous nosocomial outbreaks in health care facilities, presenting a health threat, particularly for patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease and for immunocompromised individuals. This review addresses the role of Bcc bacteria as a potential public health problem, the mechanisms behind their success as contaminants of pharmaceutical products, particularly in the presence of biocides, the difficulties encountered in their detection, and the preventive measures applied during manufacturing processes to control contamination with these objectionable microorganisms. A summary of Bcc-related outbreaks in different clinical settings, due to contamination of diverse types of pharmaceutical products, is provided.

中文翻译：

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洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复杂细菌：水性药物的污染风险。

总结伯克霍尔德菌洋葱原（Pseudomonas cepacia）曾经被认为是单一细菌，但现在已扩展为伯克霍尔德菌洋葱复合体（Bcc），包括24个紧密相关的机会致病菌种。这些细菌具有广泛的环境分布，非凡的代谢多功能性，具有三个染色体的复杂基因组以及快速突变和适应的高能力。此外，它们还具有对抗生素和防腐剂的内在抗性，以及即使在使用某些抗微生物剂作为碳源的情况下，也能在营养受限的条件下生存并代谢贫营养水生环境中存在的有机物。这些特征构成了Bcc细菌被认为是水性药物和个人护理产品的令人担忧的污染物的原因，也是非灭菌产品召回的常见原因。Bcc污染已导致医疗保健机构中的许多医院爆发，对健康构成威胁，特别是对于患有囊性纤维化和慢性肉芽肿性疾病的患者以及免疫功能低下的个人。这篇综述探讨了Bcc细菌作为潜在的公共卫生问题的作用，其作为药物产品污染物成功的背后机制，尤其是在存在杀生物剂的情况下，在其检测中遇到的困难以及在制造过程中采取的预防措施这些有害微生物的污染。