Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive (WHO grade IV) form of diffuse glioma endowed with tremendous invasive capacity. The availability of narrow therapeutic choices for GBM management adds to the irony, even the post-treatment median survival time is roughly around 14-16 months. Gene mutations seem to be cardinal to GBM formation, owing to involvement of amplified and mutated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-encoding genes, leading to dysregulation of growth factor signaling pathways. Of-late, the role of different microRNAs (miRNAs) in progression and proliferation of GBM was realized, which lead to their burgeon potential applications for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. miRNA signatures are intricately linked with onset and progression of GBM. Although, progression of GBM causes significant changes in the BBB to form BBTB, but still efficient passage of cancer therapeutics, including antibodies and miRNAs are prevented, leading to low bioavailability. Recent developments in the nanomedicine field provide novel approaches to manage GBM via efficient and brain targeted delivery of miRNAs either alone or as part of cytotoxic pharmaceutical composition, thereby modulating cell signaling in well predicted manner to promise positive therapeutic outcomes.

中文翻译：

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在多形性胶质母细胞瘤的临床管理中靶向递送基于 miRNA 的治疗剂。

多形性胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 是最具侵袭性的（WHO IV 级）弥漫性胶质瘤，具有巨大的侵袭能力。具有讽刺意味的是，GBM 管理的狭窄治疗选择的可用性增加了讽刺意味，即使治疗后的中位生存时间约为 14-16 个月。由于扩增和突变的受体酪氨酸激酶 (RTK) 编码基因的参与，基因突变似乎是 GBM 形成的主要因素，导致生长因子信号通路的失调。最近，不同的 microRNAs (miRNAs) 在 GBM 的进展和增殖中的作用得到了认识，这导致它们在诊断和治疗目的方面具有新兴的潜在应用。miRNA 特征与 GBM 的发病和进展有着错综复杂的联系。虽然，GBM 的进展导致 BBB 发生显着变化，形成 BBTB，但癌症治疗剂（包括抗体和 miRNA）的有效通过仍被阻止，导致生物利用度低。纳米医学领域的最新发展为管理 GBM 提供了新的方法，通过有效和脑靶向递送 miRNA 单独或作为细胞毒性药物组合物的一部分，从而以良好预测的方式调节细胞信号传导以保证积极的治疗结果。