Abstract Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The introduction of yttrium ions has efficiently increased the relative percentage of Ce3+ ions in ZnO. Yttrium and cerium co-doped ZnO shows efficient photo activity for hydrogen evolution (10.61 mmol/((g·h)) higher than previously reported optimal value for rare earth co-doped ZnO photocatalysts. This remarkably increased hydrogen evolution can be ascribed to the synergy between electronic anchoring effect of Y3+/Y2+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ redox couples. This report presents new idea for the synthesis of efficient photocatalyst using economical route and ion anchoring effect. The hydrogen evolution was also tested using Na2S and Na2SO3 as electron donors under visible light illumination. The synthesized photocatalysts also exhibit high stability.

中文翻译：

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合成钇和铈掺杂的 ZnO 纳米粒子作为析氢的廉价且稳定的光催化剂

摘要 通过燃烧途径合成了钇和铈共掺杂的 ZnO 纳米粒子，并利用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、布鲁诺-埃米特-泰勒 (BET)、能量色散谱 (EDS)、X-射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱 (UV-vis DRS)、光致发光 (PL) 和电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 技术。钇离子的引入有效地增加了 ZnO 中 Ce3+ 离子的相对百分比。钇和铈共掺杂 ZnO 显示出高效的析氢光活性 (10.61 mmol/((g·h))，高于先前报道的稀土共掺杂 ZnO 光催化剂的最佳值。这种显着增加的析氢可归因于 Y3+/Y2+ 和 Ce4+/Ce3+ 氧化还原对的电子锚定效应之间的协同作用。该报告提出了使用经济路线和离子锚定效应合成高效光催化剂的新思路。还使用 Na2S 和 Na2SO3 作为电子供体在可见光照射下测试了析氢。合成的光催化剂还表现出高稳定性。