This study aimed to investigate the alkali-related problems arising from firing a Thai rice-straw/rice-husk mixture in a pilot-scale grate-fired combustor (150 kW_th) and to evaluate different countermeasures in order to mitigate these problems, i.e., addition of kaolin, co-firing with anthracite, and the synergistic effect of combining these measures. Chemical fractionation analysis was used as a preliminary indication of the propensity for interaction between the ash-forming elements in order to predict the slagging and fouling tendencies of the fuels. The results agreed well with those of the combustion experiments and the morphological and microstructural analyses of the bottom-ash and deposit samples via SEM-EDX and elemental mapping. Firing pure biofuels was found not to provoke sintering/slagging but instead resulted in severe fouling. The high deposition flux and significant impediment to the heat transfer of the deposit probe were attributed to the accumulation of condensing gas KCl and the impact of Si-based particles on the probe, as well as the K₂SO₄ aerosols originating from gas-phase sulfation. All the countermeasures applied showed a promising ability to reduce the deposit formation and prevent the heat transfer from deteriorating, particularly with kaolin or anthracite, or both, at stoichiometric amounts. The success of these countermeasures can be credited to the incorporation of the K-containing species released from biomass into the kaolin and anthracite minerals (a byproduct from the crushing process), as well as to the formation of high-temperature-melting K–Al- silicates. Another topic of interest was the exploitation of anthracite for any option, which could completely extinguish Cl in the deposits and simultaneously generate K₂SO₄, which may help to reduce chlorine corrosion.

这项研究旨在调查在中试规模的炉排燃烧室（150 kW _th）中燃烧泰国稻草/稻壳混合物产生的碱相关问题。），并评估不同的对策以减轻这些问题，即添加高岭土，与无烟煤共烧以及组合使用这些措施的协同效果。化学分馏分析被用作灰分形成元素之间相互作用趋势的初步指标，以便预测燃料的结渣和结垢趋势。结果与燃烧实验以及通过SEM-EDX和元素映射对底灰和沉积物样品的形态和微观结构分析的结果非常吻合。发现燃烧纯生物燃料不会引起烧结/结渣，反而会导致严重的结垢。来自气相硫酸化的₂ SO ₄气溶胶。所应用的所有对策均显示出减少沉积物形成并防止传热恶化的有希望的能力，特别是对于化学计量的高岭土或无烟煤，或两者兼而有之。这些对策的成功归功于将生物量释放出的含钾物质掺入高岭土和无烟煤矿物（破碎过程的副产品）中，以及形成了高温熔化的钾铝。 -硅酸盐。另一个感兴趣的主题是无烟煤的任何选择，它可以完全熄灭沉积物中的Cl，同时生成K ₂ SO ₄，这可能有助于减少氯的腐蚀。