Although abnormal mitosis with disarranged metaphase chromosomes or many micronuclei in astrocytes (named "Alzheimer I type astrocytes" and later "Creutzfeldt-Peters cells") have been known for nearly 100 years, the origin and mechanisms of this pathology remain elusive. In experimental brain insults in rats, we show that abnormal mitoses that are not followed by cytokinesis are typical for reactive astrocytes. The pathology originates due to the inability of the cells to form normal mitotic spindles with subsequent metaphase chromosome congression, which, in turn may be due to shape constraints aggravated by cellular enlargement and to the accumulation of large amounts of cytosolic proteins. Many astrocytes escape from arrested mitosis by producing micronuclei. These polyploid astrocytes can survive for long periods of time and enter into new cell cycles.

中文翻译：

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反应性星形胶质细胞有丝分裂异常。


尽管星形胶质细胞（称为“阿尔茨海默 I 型星形胶质细胞”和后来的“Creutzfeldt-Peters 细胞”）中伴有中期染色体紊乱或许多微核的异常有丝分裂已为人所知近 100 年，但这种病理学的起源和机制仍然难以捉摸。在大鼠实验性脑损伤中，我们发现反应性星形胶质细胞典型的异常有丝分裂（随后不进行胞质分裂）。该病理学起源于细胞无法形成正常的有丝分裂纺锤体以及随后的中期染色体大会，这反过来可能是由于细胞增大而加剧的形状限制以及大量胞质蛋白的积累。许多星形胶质细胞通过产生微核来逃避有丝分裂的停滞。这些多倍体星形胶质细胞可以存活很长时间并进入新的细胞周期。