The industrial revolution is divided into three phases by historians: The invention of the steam engine (mechanization), electricity (mass production) and the microelectric revolution (automation). There was a similar development in non-destructive evaluation: tools such as lenses or stethoscopes allowed the human senses to be sharpened, the conversion of waves makes the invisible visible and thus offers a "look" into the components and finally automation, digitization and reconstruction. During the entire industrial development NDE was decisively responsible for the quality and thus for the success of the manufactured goods. Industry is now talking about a fourth revolution: The informatization, digitization and networking of industrial production. As always, NDE will be critical to the success of this fourth revolution by providing the database needed for feedback in a networked production environment. For NDE, this will lead to change. The test results must be made available to a networked production environment in such a way that they can be evaluated for feedback loops, the testability must be considered in the design and the reliability of the test statements will become increasingly important. This publication presents first an orientation to NDE 4.0, including the development of Industry and NDE, a definition of its revolutions, a collection of several current-day challenges of NDE, and a discussion whether and how those can be solved with NDE 4.0. Second this publication presents concepts on how NDE can be integrated into Industry 4.0 landscapes: The Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) shows the complete Industry 4.0 space and allows every Industry 4.0 standard and interface to be located. The Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell (AAS) implements the digital twin and is the interface between Industry 4.0 communication and the physical device. The ...

中文翻译：

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NDE 4.0：数字孪生、语义、接口、网络、反馈、新市场和集成到工业物联网

历史学家将工业革命分为三个阶段：蒸汽机的发明（机械化）、电力（大规模生产）和微电子革命（自动化）。在无损评估方面也有类似的发展：镜头或听诊器等工具使人类的感官变得敏锐，波的转换使不可见的可见，从而提供对组件的“观察”，最后实现自动化、数字化和重建. 在整个工业发展过程中，NDE 对质量以及制成品的成功负有决定性的责任。工业正在谈论第四次革命：工业生产的信息化、数字化和网络化。一如既往，通过提供网络生产环境中反馈所需的数据库，NDE 对第四次革命的成功至关重要。对于 NDE，这将导致改变。必须将测试结果提供给联网的生产环境，以便评估反馈回路，在设计中必须考虑可测试性，并且测试陈述的可靠性将变得越来越重要。本出版物首先介绍了 NDE 4.0 的方向，包括工业和 NDE 的发展、其革命的定义、NDE 的几个当前挑战的集合，以及讨论是否以及如何使用 NDE 4.0 解决这些问题。其次，本出版物介绍了如何将 NDE 集成到工业 4.0 环境中的概念：参考架构模型工业 4。0 (RAMI 4.0) 显示了完整的工业 4.0 空间，并允许定位每个工业 4.0 标准和接口。工业 4.0 资产管理外壳 (AAS) 实现了数字孪生，是工业 4.0 通信与物理设备之间的接口。这 ...