Fish are among the most biodiverse vertebrate groups on the planet, playing vital ecosystem roles, supporting considerable commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries, and delivering critical ecosystem goods and services for the world's human population. These intrinsic, ecological, and socioeconomic values of fish are well recognized. Much less widely appreciated are the diverse additional ways that fish have contributed to human societies. Here, we explore the assorted uses of freshwater and marine fishes, both presently and in the past, by focusing on their contributions to manufacturing and industry, technology, health care, tools and weapons, apparel and jewelry, and musical instruments, and as curios, souvenirs, and attractions. The material ways by which people depend on fish have continued to grow and evolve over time, resulting in a much more intricate web of human–fish relationships than is often recognized. By demonstrating the importance of fish across all facets of life, we hope that this exploration leads to greater conservation, sustainable management, and ethical treatment of fish now and into the future.

中文翻译：

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鱼类不仅仅是食物：探索鱼类对人类社会做出贡献的各种方式

鱼类是地球上生物多样性最丰富的脊椎动物群体之一，在生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，支持大量的商业、休闲和手工渔业，并为世界人口提供重要的生态系统产品和服务。鱼类的这些内在、生态和社会经济价值是众所周知的。鱼类对人类社会做出贡献的各种其他方式，却鲜为人知。在这里，我们通过关注淡水和海洋鱼类对制造业和工业、技术、医疗保健、工具和武器、服装和珠宝、乐器以及作为古董的贡献，探索现在和过去淡水和海洋鱼类的各种用途、纪念品和景点。人们依赖鱼类的物质方式随着时间的推移不断发展和演变，导致人鱼关系网比人们通常认识到的要复杂得多。通过展示鱼类在生活各个方面的重要性，我们希望这种探索能够在现在和未来对鱼类进行更好的保护、可持续管理和道德处理。