Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 1 million persons in the United States, and is the leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. The concept of precision medicine is now being applied to MS and has the promise of improved care. MS patients experience a variety of neurological symptoms, and disease severity ranges from mild to severe, and the biological underpinnings of these phenotypes are now starting to be elucidated. Precision medicine involves the classification of disease subtypes based on the underlying biology, rather than clinical phenotypes alone, and may govern disease course and treatment response. Over 18 disease-modifying drugs have been approved for the treatment of MS, and several biomarkers of treatment response are emerging. This article provides an overview of the concepts of precision medicine and emerging biological markers and their evolving role in decision-making in MS management.

中文翻译：

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多发性硬化症精准医学路线图

多发性硬化症 (MS) 在美国影响大约 100 万人，并且是年轻人神经功能障碍的主要原因。精准医学的概念现在正应用于 MS 并有望改善护理。MS 患者会出现各种神经系统症状，疾病严重程度从轻度到重度不等，这些表型的生物学基础现在开始得到阐明。精准医学涉及基于基础生物学而不是单独的临床表型对疾病亚型进行分类，并且可能控制病程和治疗反应。超过 18 种疾病缓解药物已被批准用于治疗 MS，并且出现了几种治疗反应的生物标志物。