Sex differences in the incidence or severity of disease characterize many autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease with both autoimmune and neurodegenerative aspects and is characterized by sex differences in susceptibility and progression. Research in the study sex differences is a way to capitalize on a known clinical observation, mechanistically disentangle it at the laboratory bench, then translate basic research findings back to the clinic as a novel treatment trial tailored to optimally benefit each sex. This “Bedside to Bench to Bedside” approach based on sex differences in MS will be reviewed here, first for disease susceptibility then for disability progression.

中文翻译：

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性别对多发性硬化症风险和疾病进展的影响

疾病发生率或严重程度的性别差异是许多自身免疫性疾病和神经退行性疾病的特征。多发性硬化症是一种具有自身免疫性和神经退行性方面的复杂疾病，其特征在于易感性和进展方面的性别差异。研究性别差异是一种利用已知临床观察结果的方法，在实验室工作台上机械地解开它，然后将基础研究结果转化为临床，作为一种新的治疗试验，为每个性别提供最佳益处。本文将回顾这种基于 MS 性别差异的“床边到工作台到床边”方法，首先是疾病易感性，然后是残疾进展。