Increasing longevity remains one of the open challenges for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology. We envision a health-conscious advanced battery management system, which implements monitoring and control algorithms that increase battery lifetime while maintaining performance. For such algorithms, real-time battery capacity estimates are crucial. In this paper, we present an online capacity estimation scheme for Li-ion batteries. The key novelty lies in: 1) leveraging thermal dynamics to estimate battery capacity and 2) developing a hierarchical estimation algorithm with provable convergence properties. The algorithm consists of two stages working in cascade. The first stage estimates battery core temperature and heat generation based on a two-state thermal model, and the second stage receives the core temperature and heat generation estimation to estimate state-of-charge and capacity. Results from numerical simulations and experimental data illustrate the performance of the proposed capacity estimation scheme.

中文翻译：

---

利用热力学实时估算锂离子电池容量

延长使用寿命仍然是锂离子（Li-ion）电池技术面临的开放挑战之一。我们构想了一个具有健康意识的高级电池管理系统，该系统实现了监视和控制算法，可以在保持性能的同时增加电池寿命。对于此类算法，实时电池容量估计至关重要。在本文中，我们提出了一种锂离子电池在线容量估计方案。关键的新颖性在于：1）利用热动力学估算电池容量，以及2）开发具有可证明收敛特性的分层估算算法。该算法由两个阶段级联组成。第一阶段根据两态热模型估算电池芯温度和热量产生，第二阶段接收核心温度和热量生成估计值，以估计充电状态和容量。数值模拟和实验数据的结果说明了所提出的容量估算方案的性能。