Few longitudinal studies link agricultural biodiversity, land use and food access in rural landscapes. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that, in a context of economic change, cash crop expansion is associated with deforestation, reduced agrobiodiversity and changes in food access. For this purpose, we analysed data collected from the same 53 upland and floodplain mestizo households in Ucayali, Peru, in 2000 and 2015. We found an emerging transition towards less diversified food access coupled with loss of forest cover and reduced agricultural biodiversity. In 2015, diets appeared to rely on fewer food groups, fewer food items, and on products increasingly purchased in the market compared to 2000. Wild fruits and plants were mentioned, but rarely consumed. Agricultural production systems became more specialised with a shift towards commercial crops. Peak deforestation years in the 15-year period appeared linked with incentives for agricultural expansion. Our results suggest an overall trend from diversified productive and “extractive” systems and more diverse food access, towards specialized productive systems, with less diverse food access and stronger market orientation (both in production and consumption). The assumption in the food and agricultural sciences that increased income and market-orientation is linked to improved food security, is challenged by our integrated analyses of food access, agrobiodiversity, land use and forest cover. Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal, multidimensional, systemic analyses, with major implications for land use, food and health policies. The potential risks of parallel homogenisation of diets and agricultural production systems require interdisciplinary research and policies that promote integrated landscape approaches for sustainable and inclusive food systems.

中文翻译：

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与秘鲁亚马逊乌卡亚利的森林砍伐和农业生物多样性丧失相关的混血社区食物获取的变化

很少有纵向研究将农村景观中的农业生物多样性、土地利用和食物获取联系起来。在本文中，我们检验了一个假设，即在经济变化的背景下，经济作物扩张与森林砍伐、农业生物多样性减少和食物获取的变化有关。为此，我们分析了 2000 年和 2015 年从秘鲁乌卡亚利相同的 53 个高地和洪泛区混血家庭收集的数据。我们发现，随着森林覆盖面积的减少和农业生物多样性的减少，粮食获取正在向多样化程度较低的方向转变。与 2000 年相比，2015 年的饮食似乎依赖更少的食物类别、更少的食品和越来越多的产品在市场上购买。提到了野生水果和植物，但很少食用。随着向经济作物的转变，农业生产系统变得更加专业化。15 年期间的森林砍伐高峰年似乎与农业扩张的激励措施有关。我们的研究结果表明，总体趋势是从多样化的生产和“采掘”系统以及更多样化的食物获取，转向专门的生产系统，食物获取的多样性较少，市场导向性更强（生产和消费）。粮食和农业科学中关于收入增加和市场导向与改善粮食安全有关的假设受到我们对粮食获取、农业生物多样性、土地利用和森林覆盖的综合分析的挑战。我们的结果强调了纵向、多维、系统分析的重要性，对土地利用、食品和健康政策具有重大影响。