More than 30 years after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, HIV patients are now aging due to the advances of antiretroviral therapy. With immunosenescence and the susceptibility of dopamine-rich basal ganglia regions to HIV-related injury, older HIV patients may show neurofunctional deficits similar to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined the amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) across different frequency bands of the BOLD signal in 30 older HIV-infected individuals, 33 older healthy controls, and 36 PD patients. Participants underwent resting-state fMRI, neuropsychological testing, and a clinical motor exam. HIV patients mainly showed abnormalities in cortical ALFF with reduced prefrontal amplitudes and enhanced sensorimotor and inferior temporal amplitudes. Frontal hypoactivation was overlapping for HIV and PD groups and different from controls. PD patients further exhibited reduced pallidum amplitudes compared to the other groups. In the HIV group, lower pallidum amplitudes were associated with lower CD4+ nadir and CD4+ T cell counts. Abnormalities in ALFF dynamics were largely associated with cognitive and motor functioning in HIV and PD groups. The disruption of neurofunctional frequency dynamics in subcortical-cortical circuits could contribute to the development of cognitive and motor dysfunction and serve as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression with immunosenescence. Graphical Abstract.

中文翻译：

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患有艾滋病毒感染和帕金森病的老年人脑信号振荡的变化。


人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 流行 30 多年后，由于抗逆转录病毒治疗的进步，艾滋病患者现在正在老龄化。由于免疫衰老和富含多巴胺的基底神经节区域对 HIV 相关损伤的敏感性，老年 HIV 患者可能会表现出与帕金森病 (PD) 患者类似的神经功能缺陷。我们检查了 30 名老年 HIV 感染者、33 名老年健康对照者和 36 名 PD 患者的 BOLD 信号不同频段的低频波动 (ALFF) 幅度。参与者接受了静息态功能磁共振成像、神经心理学测试和临床运动检查。 HIV患者主要表现为皮质ALFF异常，前额叶波幅降低，感觉运动波幅和颞下波幅增强。 HIV 组和 PD 组的额叶激活不足是重叠的，并且与对照组不同。与其他组相比，PD 患者的苍白球振幅进一步降低。在 HIV 组中，较低的苍白球振幅与较低的 CD4+ 最低值和 CD4+ T 细胞计数相关。 ALFF 动态异常在很大程度上与 HIV 和 PD 组的认知和运动功能有关。皮质下-皮质回路中神经功能频率动态的破坏可能导致认知和运动功能障碍的发展，并可作为免疫衰老监测疾病进展的生物标志物。图形摘要。