A model simulating an autonomous battery electric vehicle system for agricultural field use was created, assuming a 200-ha conventional cereal farm in Swedish conditions. The different subsystems were verified against sources in the literature, field experiments and general common practice. The model was used to compare two different charging systems (conductive charging and battery exchange) for battery electric tractors to each other. A comparative simulation was made with conventional diesel systems (fully autonomous or manned for 10 h d−1). The simulation results indicated that battery exchange was generally a faster system than conductive charging. The results also showed that both electric systems were able to achieve similar active time during spring field operations as a corresponding system of a simulated manned diesel tractor for battery sizes from 50 kWh and charge powers from 50 kW.

中文翻译：

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基于动态仿真的自主电场拖拉机充电系统性能比较

假设在瑞典条件下有一个 200 公顷的常规谷物农场，创建了一个模拟农业领域使用的自动电池电动汽车系统的模型。根据文献、现场实验和一般惯例中的来源验证了不同的子系统。该模型用于比较电池电动拖拉机的两种不同充电系统（传导充电和电池更换）。使用传统柴油系统（完全自主或有人驾驶 10 h d-1）进行了比较模拟。模拟结果表明，电池更换通常是比传导充电更快的系统。