Multiple limb bones of different Middle Triassic capitosaurs from India including Cherninia denwai and Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki were examined to reveal differences in palaeobiology and lifestyle adaptations. Limb bone anatomy of Cherninia is characterized by distinct torsion and its absence in the fore and hindlimb bones, respectively. Substantial torsion is seen in all the limb bones of P. crookshanki. Woven fibred bone tissue, a very rapidly deposited tissue mostly seen in the embryos and very young individuals of higher vertebrates, is reported for the first time in a juvenile temnospondyl. Predominance of incipient fibrolamellar bone tissue is seen in a large bodied Middle Triassic temnospondyl suggesting that such tissues in non‐amniotes helped in achieving large body sizes rapidly. Highly vascularized woven fibred bone tissue in the early ontogeny, transforming to a more stable incipient fibrolamellar bone tissue associated with growth marks later in ontogeny characterizes C. denwai. This suggests rapid sustained growth slowed down and became punctuated later in ontogeny. A continuous slow growth throughout ontogeny is suggested for P. crookshanki as parallel fibred bone and azonal lamellar bone tissue are seen in all the examined limb bones. The growth of C. denwai and P. crookshanki had variable susceptibility to seasonal fluctuations. The onset of sexual maturity was at 55% adult size for Cherninia as implied from the change in tissue type. Cherninia inhabited the bottom of the water column and acted as a passive benthic predator whereas Paracyclotosaurus was a shallow water predator that retained a high level of terrestriality.

中文翻译：

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根据肢骨解剖和组织学推论的印度中三叠纪头龙的新生物学见解

检查了来自印度的不同中三叠纪头龙的多肢骨骼，包括切尔尼尼亚denwai和Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki，以揭示古生物学和生活方式适应的差异。切尔尼尼亚的肢体解剖结构的特点是明显的扭转，并且在前肢和后肢骨骼中分别没有。在克鲁克山的所有四肢骨骼中都看到了明显的扭转。幼年的四脊椎骨中首次报道了编织的纤维组织，这种组织非常迅速地沉积，通常在胚胎和高等脊椎动物的非常年轻的个体中常见。初生的纤维状层状骨组织在大型的三叠纪中体三联反应中占主导地位，这表明非羊膜动物中的此类组织有助于迅速达到较大的体型。在个体发育早期，高度血管化的编织纤维骨组织转变为与个体发育后期具有生长标记相关的更稳定的初生纤维状骨组织，这是C. denwai的特征。这表明快速的持续生长减慢并在个体发育后期被打断。建议P. crookshanki在整个个体发育过程中持续缓慢生长因为在所有检查的四肢骨骼中都可以看到平行的纤维骨和带状层状骨组织。C. denwai和P. crookshanki的生长对季节性波动具有不同的敏感性。从组织类型的变化可以看出，切尔尼尼亚性成熟的开始是成人大小的55％。切尔尼尼亚生活在水柱的底部，是被动的底栖捕食者，而旁环龙是一种浅水捕食者，保留了高水平的陆地。