The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn infant's autonomic, motor, state, temperament, and social-attentional systems, which can help to identify infants at risk of developmental problems. Given the prevalence of rhesus monkeys being used as an animal model for human development, here we aimed to validate a standardized test battery modeled after the NBAS for use with nonhuman primates called the Infant Behavioral Assessment Scale (IBAS), employing exploratory structural equation modeling using a large sample of rhesus macaque neonates (n = 1,056). Furthermore, we examined the repeated assessments of the common factors within the same infants to describe any changes in performance over time, taking into account two independent variables (infant sex and rearing condition) that can potentially affect developmental outcomes. Results revealed three factors (Orientation, State Control, and Motor Activity) that all increased over the 1st month of life. While infant sex did not have an effect on any factor, nursery-rearing led to higher scores on Orientation but lower scores on State Control and Motor Activity. These results validate the IBAS as a reliable and valuable research tool for use with rhesus macaque infants and suggest that differences in rearing conditions can affect developmental trajectories and potentially pre-expose infants to heightened levels of cognitive and emotional deficiencies.

中文翻译：

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恒河猴新生儿 (Macaca mulatta) 神经行为发育的新视角。

Brazelton 新生儿行为评估量表 (NBAS) 评估新生儿的自主神经、运动、状态、气质和社会注意系统，有助于识别有发育问题风险的婴儿。鉴于恒河猴被用作人类发育的动物模型的普遍性，在这里，我们旨在验证一个以 NBAS 为模型的标准化测试电池组，用于非人类灵长类动物，称为婴儿行为评估量表 (IBAS)，采用探索性结构方程建模，使用大量恒河猴新生儿样本（n = 1,056）。此外，我们检查了对同一婴儿的共同因素的重复评估，以描述随着时间的推移表现的任何变化，考虑到可能影响发育结果的两个独立变量（婴儿性别和抚养条件）。结果揭示了三个因素（方向、状态控制和运动活动）在生命的第一个月内都增加了。虽然婴儿性别对任何因素都没有影响，但托儿所导致定向得分较高，但状态控制和运动活动得分较低。这些结果验证了 IBAS 作为用于恒河猴婴儿的可靠且有价值的研究工具，并表明饲养条件的差异会影响发育轨迹，并可能使婴儿预先暴露于更高水平的认知和情绪缺陷。虽然婴儿性别对任何因素都没有影响，但托儿所导致定向得分较高，但状态控制和运动活动得分较低。这些结果验证了 IBAS 作为用于恒河猴婴儿的可靠且有价值的研究工具，并表明饲养条件的差异会影响发育轨迹，并可能使婴儿预先暴露于更高水平的认知和情绪缺陷。虽然婴儿性别对任何因素都没有影响，但托儿所导致定向得分较高，但状态控制和运动活动得分较低。这些结果验证了 IBAS 作为用于恒河猴婴儿的可靠且有价值的研究工具，并表明饲养条件的差异会影响发育轨迹，并可能使婴儿预先暴露于更高水平的认知和情绪缺陷。