Abstract In situ measurements representing the marine atmosphere and air–sea interaction are taken at ships, buoys, stationary moorings and land-based towers, where each observation platform has structural restrictions. Air–sea fluxes are often small, and due to the limitations of the sensors, several corrections are applied. Land-based towers are convenient for long-term observations, but one critical aspect is the representativeness of marine conditions. Hence, a careful analysis of the sites and the data is necessary. Based on the concept of flux footprint, we suggest defining flux data from land-based marine micrometeorological sites in categories depending on the type of land influence: 1. CAT1: Marine data representing open sea, 2. CAT2: Disturbed wave field resulting in physical properties different from open sea conditions and heterogeneity of water properties in the footprint region, and 3. CAT3: Mixed land–sea footprint, very heterogeneous conditions and possible active carbon production/consumption. Characterization of data would be beneficial for combined analyses using several sites in coastal and marginal seas and evaluation/comparison of properties and dynamics. Aerosol fluxes are a useful contribution to characterizing a marine micrometeorological field station; for most conditions, they change sign between land and sea sectors. Measured fluxes from the land-based marine station Östergarnsholm are used as an example of a land-based marine site to evaluate the categories and to present an example of differences between open sea and coastal conditions. At the Östergarnsholm site the surface drag is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 than for CAT1 when wind speed is below 10 m/s. The heat and humidity fluxes show a distinctive distinguished seasonal cycle; latent heat flux is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 compared to CAT1. The flux of carbon dioxide is large from the coastal and land–sea sectors, showing a large seasonal cycle and significant variability (compared to the open sea sector). Aerosol fluxes are partly dominated by sea spray emissions comparable to those observed at other open sea conditions.

中文翻译：

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使用陆基站进行海气相互作用研究

摘要 代表海洋大气和海气相互作用的原位测量是在船舶、浮标、固定系泊设备和陆基塔台上进行的，其中每个观测平台都有结构限制。海气通量通常很小，并且由于传感器的限制，应用了一些修正。陆基塔便于长期观测，但一个关键方面是海洋条件的代表性。因此，有必要对站点和数据进行仔细分析。基于通量足迹的概念，我们建议根据陆地影响的类型将陆基海洋微气象站点的通量数据定义为以下类别：1. CAT1：代表公海的海洋数据，2. CAT2：扰动波场导致物理特性不同于公海条件和足迹区域内水特性的异质性，以及 3. CAT3：陆海混合足迹、非常不均匀的条件和可能的活性炭生产/消费。数据的表征将有利于使用沿海和边缘海中的几个站点进行组合分析，以及对特性和动态的评估/比较。气溶胶通量有助于表征海洋微气象现场站；在大多数情况下，它们会在陆地和海洋部分之间改变符号。来自陆地海洋站 Östergarnsholm 的测量通量被用作陆地海洋站点的示例，以评估类别并展示公海和沿海条件之间差异的示例。在 Östergarnsholm 站点，当风速低于 10 m/s 时，CAT2 和 CAT3 的表面阻力大于 CAT1。热湿通量表现出明显的季节性循环；与 CAT1 相比，CAT2 和 CAT3 的潜热通量更大。来自沿海和陆海部门的二氧化碳通量很大，表现出较大的季节性周期和显着的可变性（与公海部门相比）。气溶胶通量部分由海喷雾排放控制，与在其他公海条件下观察到的排放相当。来自沿海和陆海部门的二氧化碳通量很大，表现出较大的季节性周期和显着的可变性（与公海部门相比）。气溶胶通量部分由海喷雾排放控制，与在其他公海条件下观察到的排放相当。来自沿海和陆海部门的二氧化碳通量很大，表现出较大的季节性周期和显着的可变性（与公海部门相比）。气溶胶通量部分由海喷雾排放控制，与在其他公海条件下观察到的排放相当。