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Spatiotemporal Distribution of Microglia After Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Mice
ASN Neuro ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-08 , DOI: 10.1177/1759091420911770
Henry W Caplan 1 , Fanni Cardenas 1 , Franciska Gudenkauf 1 , Pamela Zelnick 1 , Hasen Xue 1 , Charles S Cox 1 , Supinder S Bedi 1
Affiliation  

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects more than 1.5 million people in the United States each year with a mortality rate near or above 50,000 per year (Coronado et al., 2011; Thurman et al., 1999). TBI causes a prolonged secondary inflammatory response within the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to neurological deficits, both motor and cognitive, beyond that caused by the primary injury (Ramlackhansingh et al., 2011; Sandhir et al., 2008; Smith, 2010). Central to the secondary inflammatory response after TBI are the microglia, resident immune cells within the CNS parenchyma (Nakajima and Kohsaka, 2001). Microglia function to promote learning dependent synapse formation, axonal regeneration, and remove defunct axon terminals (Graeber, 2010; Salter and Beggs, 2014). Under homeostasis, microglia are highly mobile and provide continuous surveillance of their cellular milieu (Davalos et al., 2005; Nimmerjahn et al., 2005). These resting or ramified microglia possess a distinct morphology—small, relatively stable rod-shaped somata with thin ramified withdrawing processes (Figure 1A; Nimmerjahn et al., 2005).

中文翻译:

雄性小鼠脑外伤后小胶质细胞的时空分布

在美国,创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 每年影响超过 150 万人,死亡率接近或超过 50,000(Coronado 等,2011;Thurman 等,1999)。TBI 会导致中枢神经系统 (CNS) 内长时间的继发性炎症反应,导致神经功能障碍,包括运动和认知功能障碍,超出由原发损伤引起的功能障碍(Ramlackhansingh 等,2011;Sandhir 等,2008;Smith, 2010)。TBI 后继发性炎症反应的核心是小胶质细胞,CNS 实质内的常驻免疫细胞(Nakajima 和 Kohsaka,2001)。小胶质细胞的功能是促进学习依赖的突触形成、轴突再生和去除失效的轴突末端(Graeber,2010 年;Salter 和 Beggs,2014 年)。在稳态下,小胶质细胞具有高度移动性,可对其细胞环境进行持续监测(Davalos 等人,2005 年;Nimmerjahn 等人,2005 年)。这些静止或分枝的小胶质细胞具有独特的形态——小的、相对稳定的杆状胞体,具有细的分枝撤回过程(图 1A); Nimmerjahn 等人,2005 年)。
更新日期:2020-04-20
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