This paper reports on-chip rail-to-rail timing signals generation thin-film circuits for the first time. These circuits, based on a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a simple staggered bottom gate structure, allow row and column selection of a sensor matrix embedded in a flexible radiation sensing system. They include on-chip clock generator (ring oscillator), column selector (shift register) and row-selector (a frequency divider and a shift register). They are realised with rail-to-rail logic gates with level-shifting ability that can perform inversion and NAND logic operations. These logic gates are capable of providing full output swing between supply rails, $V_{DD}$ and $V_{SS}$ , by introducing a single additional switch for each input in bootstrapping logic gates. These circuits were characterised under normal ambient atmosphere and show an improved performance compared to the conventional logic gates with diode connected load and pseudo CMOS counterparts. By using these high-performance logic gates, a complete rail-to-rail frequency divider is presented from measurements using D-Flip Flop. In order to realize a complete compact system, an on-chip ring oscillator (output clock frequency around 1 kHz) and a shift register are also presented from simulations, where these circuits show a power consumption of 1.5 mW and 0.82 mW at a supply voltage of 8 V, respectively. While the circuit concepts described here were designed for an X-ray sensing system, they can be readily expanded to other domains where flexible on-chip timing signal generation is required, such as, smart packaging, biomedical wearable devices and RFIDs.

中文翻译：

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使用 InGaZnO TFT 为柔性 X 射线探测器生成轨到轨定时信号

本文首次报道了片上轨到轨时序信号生成薄膜电路。这些电路基于具有简单交错底栅结构的 a-IGZO 薄膜晶体管 (TFT)，允许对嵌入灵活辐射传感系统中的传感器矩阵进行行和列选择。它们包括片上时钟发生器（环形振荡器）、列选择器（移位寄存器）和行选择器（分频器和移位寄存器）。它们是通过具有电平转换能力的轨到轨逻辑门实现的，可以执行反转和 NAND 逻辑运算。通过在自举逻辑门中为每个输入引入一个额外的开关，这些逻辑门能够在电源轨 $V_{DD}$ 和 $V_{SS}$ 之间提供完整的输出摆幅。这些电路在正常环境气氛下进行了表征，与具有二极管连接负载和伪 CMOS 对应物的传统逻辑门相比，表现出改进的性能。通过使用这些高性能逻辑门，可以根据使用 D-Flip Flop 的测量结果提供完整的轨到轨分频器。为了实现一个完整的紧凑型系统，还通过仿真提供了一个片上环形振荡器（输出时钟频率约为 1 kHz）和一个移位寄存器，其中这些电路在电源电压下的功耗分别为 1.5 mW 和 0.82 mW分别为 8 V。虽然这里描述的电路概念是为 X 射线传感系统设计的，但它们可以很容易地扩展到需要灵活的片上定时信号生成的其他领域，例如智能封装、