Abrasive wear due to particles sliding along a surface (two-body abrasion) or in between two surfaces (three-body abrasion) often leads to early failure of machine components exposed to, e.g., slurry, sand, wear debris, and so on. The primary cause for failure due to abrasive wear is the interaction between abrasive particles and the material surface. Simulation of an entire abrasive system is complicated and involves several challenges. Therefore, a single scratch test is the most fundamental and simplest abstraction of abrasive wear that can be simulated using finite-element modeling (FEM). A novel load-controlled quasi-static explicit three-dimensional (3D) scratch model has been developed using ABAQUS (6.14) for the current study. The FE model was validated using experimentally performed scratch tests on an abrasion-resistant martensitic steel. The influence of load and indenter geometry on scratch geometry was studied in detail. Future work will focus on introducing damage and strain rate dependent material behavior into the model in order to deepen the understanding of the interaction between an abrasive and the material.

中文翻译：

---

单一粗糙划痕载荷控制数值模型的优化与验证

由于颗粒沿着一个表面（两个主体的磨损）或两个表面之间的摩擦（三个主体的磨损）而引起的磨料磨损，通常会导致机器部件（如泥浆，沙子，磨损碎屑等）的早期损坏。由于磨料磨损而导致失效的主要原因是磨料颗粒与材料表面之间的相互作用。整个磨料系统的模拟非常复杂，并且涉及多个挑战。因此，单次刮擦测试是最基本，最简单的磨料磨损抽象，可以使用有限元建模（FEM）进行模拟。本研究使用ABAQUS（6.14）开发了一种新型的负载控制准静态显式三维（3D）刮擦模型。FE模型是通过对耐磨马氏体钢进行实验性刮擦试验验证的。详细研究了载荷和压头几何形状对划痕几何形状的影响。未来的工作将集中在将与损伤和应变率相关的材料行为引入模型中，以加深对磨料与材料之间相互作用的理解。