Design process models have a complex and changing relationship to the processes they model, and mean different things to different people in different situations. Participants in design processes need to understand each other’s perspectives and agree on what the models mean. The paper draws on philosophy of science to argue that understanding a design process model can be seen as an imagination game governed by agreed rules, to envisage what would be true about the world if the model were correct. The rules depend on the syntax and content of the model, on the task the model is used for, and on what the users see the model as being . The paper outlines twelve alternative conceptualizations of design process models— frames , pathways , positions , proclamations , projections , predictions , propositions , prophecies , requests , demands , proposals , promises —and discusses when they fit situations that stakeholders in design processes can be in. Articulating how process models are conceptualised can both help to understand how process management works and help to resolve communication problems in industrial practice.

中文翻译：

---

过程模型：计划、预测、公告或预言？

设计流程模型与其建模的流程有着复杂且不断变化的关系，并且在不同情况下对不同的人意味着不同的事情。设计过程的参与者需要理解彼此的观点并就模型的含义达成一致。该论文借鉴了科学哲学，认为理解设计过程模型可以被视为一种受商定规则支配的想象力游戏，以设想如果模型正确，世界将会怎样。规则取决于模型的语法和内容、模型用于的任务以及用户对模型的看法。该论文概述了设计过程模型的十二种替代概念——框架、路径、位置、宣告、预测、预测、命题、预言、请求、要求、