Engineering design is characterized, in many cases, by the involvement of multiple stakeholders. The variety of stakeholders’ expectations with regards to the output and outcome of a vessel design situation, and the differences in background, culture and information asymmetry among stakeholders, make it difficult to arrive at a common set of requirements and a mutually accepted vessel design solution. In this paper, we show how poor handling of expectations in multi-stakeholder arrangements may lead to overspecified design solutions and thereby, negatively affect business outcomes. We propose and test a set of metrics to measure the level of misalignment among stakeholders’ expectations to identify and measure overspecification in vessel design alternatives. The measure can be used in tradeoff analysis against cost, in the decision process for selection among design alternatives. Hence, at equal cost, a higher degree expectation fulfillment may be preferred and selected. A case study is presented for the design of an offshore ship design based on a joint-venture ownership.

中文翻译：

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多方利益相关者设计问题中过度指定的船舶设计解决方案

在许多情况下，工程设计的特点是涉及多个利益相关者。利益相关者对船舶设计情况的输出和结果的各种期望，以及利益相关者之间背景、文化和信息不对称的差异，使得难以达成一套共同的要求和相互接受的船舶设计解决方案. 在本文中，我们展示了在多利益相关方安排中对期望处理不当可能会导致过度指定的设计解决方案，从而对业务成果产生负面影响。我们提出并测试了一组指标，以衡量利益相关者在识别和衡量船舶设计替代方案中过度规范的期望之间的错位程度。该度量可用于针对成本的权衡分析，在设计备选方案中进行选择的决策过程中。因此，在同等成本下，更高程度的期望满足可能是首选和选择的。介绍了一个基于合资企业所有权的海上船舶设计案例研究。