Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important bulb vegetable with high culinary and medicinal values. It is cultivated by exclusively vegetative propagation which leads to complex virus infection, biodiversity reduction, inhibition of multiple breeding strategies. An efficient and widely applicable shoot regeneration system was established from garlic inflorescence as explant. By optimizing the basal medium type, pH value and explant size, a mean shoot regeneration rate of 97% and mean shoot number of 23.4 per explant were achieved in 14 commercial cultivars with various characteristics and origins. Histological observation revealed that shoots were regenerated through direct organogenesis when meristemoid initiated from subepidermal cells without callus formation followed by periclinal and anticlinal division of epidermal and subepidermal cells. No polymorphic bands were detected by simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis between regenerants and donor plants. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis indicated that there was no significant variability of genome size, and all plants maintained their ploidy. These results confirmed the clonal fidelity of regenerants. In conclusion, the present study provides a shoot regeneration system with great potential in micropropagation, germplasm preservation, genetic transformation and ploidy manipulation of garlic.

大蒜（大蒜）L.）是一种重要的鳞茎类蔬菜，具有很高的烹饪和药用价值。它仅通过无性繁殖来培育，导致复杂的病毒感染，生物多样性减少，多种育种策略受到抑制。以大蒜花序为外植体，建立了高效，广泛应用的嫩枝再生体系。通过优化基础培养基类型，pH值和外植体大小，在14个具有不同特征和起源的商业品种中，平均外植体再生率达到97％，平均每株外植体的平均芽数为23.4。组织学观察表明，当从表皮下细胞开始无胚芽形成的分生组织，然后通过表皮和表皮下细胞的周缘和背缘分裂，芽通过直接器官发生而再生。通过简单的序列重复（SSR）分析，在再生体和供体植物之间未检测到多态带。此外，流式细胞仪分析表明基因组大小没有明显的变化，并且所有植物都保持其倍性。这些结果证实了再生子的克隆保真度。总之，本研究提供了一种在大蒜的微繁殖，种质保存，遗传转化和倍性操纵方面具有巨大潜力的芽再生系统。