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An Ecomorphological Approach to Craniomandibular Integration in Neotropical Deer
Journal of Mammalian Evolution ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09499-5
Guillermo H. Cassini , Néstor Toledo

South American cervids have a relatively recent evolutionary history in the Neotropics. Present taxonomical richness includes six genera and 17 species grouped in at least two clades, Blastocerina and Odocoileina. With few exceptions, functional morphology or ecomorphological approaches have not been rigorously applied to the masticatory apparatus of Neotropical deer. In order to understand the relationship between craniomandibular integration and feeding behavior, we used geometric morphometric methods (3D landmarks) to quantify the strength and significance of the correlation between morphology and feeding behavior. Two blocks Partial Least Squares analyses, angular comparison, regression analysis, and independent contrast were performed to explore the patterns of covariation between cranial and mandibular shape and size, and between them and continuous dietary characters. The main variation in shape is related to a gradient from a brachycephalic cranium with a robust mandible in small deer to a dolicocephalic cranium with a gracile mandible in large deer. These shape changes seem to be modeled by a complex interplay of allometric trends and biomechanically significant features related to the proportions of dietary monocotyledon, fruit, or dicotyledonous plant material. We find remarkable convergences in the brocket deer ecomorphotype in the two clades of Neotropical cervids, as well as similar craniomandibular traits between marsh and pampas deer with African mixed feeder bovids related to monocotyledon consumption. These findings lead us to share Radinsky’s interest in convergences in the masticatory apparatus of herbivorous mammals.

中文翻译:

新热带鹿颅下颌整合的生态形态学方法

南美洲鹿科动物在新热带地区的进化史相对较新。目前的分类丰富度包括 6 个属和 17 个物种,分为至少两个进化枝,Blastocerina 和 Odocoileina。除了少数例外,功能形态学或生态形态学方法尚未严格应用于新热带鹿的咀嚼器官。为了理解颅下颌整合与摄食行为之间的关系,我们使用几何形态测量方法(3D 地标)来量化形态学与摄食行为之间相关性的强度和显着性。进行了两块偏最小二乘分析、角度比较、回归分析和独立对比,以探索颅骨和下颌骨形状和大小之间的协变模式,以及它们之间和连续的饮食特征。形状的主要变化与从具有坚固下颌的小鹿的短头颅到具有纤细的大鹿的下颌的长头颅的梯度有关。这些形状变化似乎是通过异速生长趋势和与膳食单子叶植物、水果或双子叶植物材料的比例相关的生物力学重要特征的复杂相互作用来建模的。我们发现新热带鹿科动物的两个进化枝中的 brocket 鹿生态形态类型有显着的融合,以及沼泽和潘帕斯鹿与非洲混合饲养牛科动物之间的类似颅下颌特征与单子叶植物消耗有关。这些发现使我们与 Radinsky 一样对草食哺乳动物咀嚼器官的趋同感兴趣。形状的主要变化与从具有坚固下颌的小鹿的短头颅到具有纤细的大鹿的下颌的长头颅的梯度有关。这些形状变化似乎是通过异速生长趋势和与膳食单子叶植物、水果或双子叶植物材料的比例相关的生物力学重要特征的复杂相互作用来建模的。我们发现新热带鹿科动物的两个进化枝中的 brocket 鹿生态形态类型有显着的融合,以及沼泽和潘帕斯鹿与非洲混合饲养牛科动物之间的类似颅下颌特征与单子叶植物消耗有关。这些发现使我们与 Radinsky 一样对草食哺乳动物咀嚼器官的趋同感兴趣。形状的主要变化与从具有坚固下颌的小鹿的短头颅到具有纤细的大鹿的下颌的长头颅的梯度有关。这些形状变化似乎是通过异速生长趋势和与膳食单子叶植物、水果或双子叶植物材料的比例相关的生物力学重要特征的复杂相互作用来建模的。我们发现新热带鹿科动物的两个进化枝中的 brocket 鹿生态形态类型有显着的融合,以及沼泽和潘帕斯鹿与非洲混合饲养牛科动物之间的类似颅下颌特征与单子叶植物消耗有关。这些发现使我们与 Radinsky 一样对草食哺乳动物咀嚼器官的趋同感兴趣。
更新日期:2020-04-03
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