Understanding species distributions and the variation of assemblage structure in time and space are fundamental goals of biogeography and ecology. Here, we use an ecological niche modeling and macroecological approach in order to assess whether constraints patterns in carnivoran richness and composition structures in replicated assemblages through time and space should reflect environmental filtering through ecological niche constraints from the Last Inter-glacial (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present (C) time. Our results suggest a diverse distribution of carnivoran co-occurrence patterns at the continental scale as a result of spatial climatic variation as an important driver constrained by the ecological niches of the species. This influence was an important factor restructuring assemblages (more directly on richness than composition patterns) not only at the continental level, but also from regional and local scales and this influence was geographically different throughout the space in the continent. These climatic restrictions and disruption of the niche during the environmental changes at the LIG-LGM-C transition show a considerable shift in assemblage richness and composition across the Americas, which suggests an environmental filtering mainly during the LGM, explaining between 30 and 75% of these variations through space and time, with more accentuated changes in North than South America. LGM was likely to be critical in species functional adaptation and distribution and therefore on assemblage structuring and rearranging from continental to local scales through time in the continent. Still, extinction processes are the result of many interacting factors, where climate is just one part of the picture.

中文翻译：

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美洲食肉动物组合（哺乳动物：食肉目）的环境驱动因素和分布模式：过去到现在

了解物种分布和组合结构在时间和空间上的变化是生物地理学和生态学的基本目标。在这里，我们使用生态位建模和宏观生态学方法来评估食肉动物丰富度和组成结构的限制模式是否应该通过时间和空间的复制组合反映环境过滤通过来自最后一次间冰期 (LIG)，最后冰川最大值 (LGM) 到现在 (C) 时间。我们的研究结果表明，由于空间气候变化是受物种生态位约束的重要驱动因素，因此在大陆尺度上食肉动物共生模式的分布多种多样。这种影响不仅在大陆层面，而且在区域和地方尺度上都是重组组合的重要因素（更直接的是丰富度而不是组成模式），而且这种影响在整个大陆空间的地理上是不同的。在 LIG-LGM-C 过渡期间的环境变化期间，这些气候限制和生态位的破坏表明整个美洲的组合丰富度和组成发生了相当大的变化，这表明主要在 LGM 期间进行了环境过滤，解释了 30% 至 75% 的这些随空间和时间的变化，北美洲的变化比南美洲更突出。LGM 可能对物种功能适应和分布至关重要，因此在大陆随时间从大陆到地方尺度的组合结构和重新排列方面至关重要。尽管如此，灭绝过程是许多相互作用因素的结果，其中气候只是其中的一部分。