We present a review of the influence of cosmic repulsion and external magnetic fields on accretion disks rotating around rotating black holes and on jets associated with these rotating configurations. We consider both geometrically thin and thick disks. We show that the vacuum energy represented by the relic cosmological constant strongly limits extension of the accretion disks that is for supermassive black holes comparable to extension of largest galaxies, and supports collimation of jets at large distances from the black hole. We further demonstrate that an external magnetic field crucially influences the fate of ionized Keplerian disks causing creation of winds and jets, enabling simultaneously acceleration of ultra-high energy particles with energy up to ${10}^{21}$ eV around supermassive black holes with $M\sim {10}^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ surrounded by sufficiently strong magnetic field with $B\sim {10}^4$ G. We also show that the external magnetic fields enable existence of “levitating” off-equatorial clouds or tori, along with the standard equatorial toroidal structures, if these carry a non-vanishing, appropriately distributed electric charge.

中文翻译：

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宇宙斥力和磁场对绕克尔黑洞旋转的吸积盘的影响

我们对宇宙排斥和外部磁场对围绕旋转黑洞旋转的吸积盘以及与这些旋转配置相关的射流的影响进行了综述。我们同时考虑了薄盘和厚盘的几何形状。我们表明，由文物宇宙学常数表示的真空能极大地限制了吸积盘的扩展，即与大星系的扩展相比，超大质量黑洞的吸积盘并支持距黑洞很远的准直射流。我们进一步证明，外部磁场会严重影响电离开普勒圆盘的命运，从而导致产生风和喷流，从而使超高能粒子同时加速，能量高达 ${10}^{21}$ 围绕超大质量黑洞的eV $\mathrm{中号}〜{10}^{10}{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$ 被足够强的磁场包围 $乙〜{10}^4$ G.我们还表明，如果外部磁场携带不消失的，适当分布的电荷，那么外部磁场将使“悬浮”的赤道外云或圆环以及标准的赤道环形结构得以存在。