In this study, we collected submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and seawater samples at six sites in the Bay of Puck, in the southern Baltic Sea, in order to estimate the nutrient distribution in groundwater affected areas. In addition, we estimated nutrient fluxes via SGD, including both fresh SGD (FSGD) and recirculated seawater SGD (RSGD), to the entire Bay of Puck. Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) concentrations varied significantly among study sites and seasons, while both ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrates (NO₃⁻) concentrations varied only seasonally. The N:P ratio indicated P limitation in most of the samples. The estimated seasonal and annual loads, via SGD, of both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; 9303 t yr⁻¹) and PO₄³⁻ (950 t yr⁻¹), were the most significant source of nutrients to the Bay of Puck, and notably higher than quantified before (FSGD nutrient loads of 50 t yr⁻¹ and 56 t yr⁻¹ for DIN and PO₄³⁻, respectively). The SGD fluxes reported here indicate some of the highest rates of sediment-water fluxes reported in the Baltic Sea. These results suggest that SGD (both FSGD and RSGD) should be considered as source of chemical substances to the marine environment.

在这项研究中，我们收集了波罗的海南部帕克湾六个地点的海底地下水排放量（SGD）和海水样本，以估算营养物在受地下水影响地区的分布。此外，我们估算了通过SGD进入整个Puck湾的营养通量，包括新鲜SGD（FSGD）和再循环海水SGD（RSGD）。磷酸盐（PO ₄ ^3-）的浓度显著研究地点和季节间变化，同时兼具铵（NH ₄ ⁺）和硝酸盐（NO ₃ ^- ）的浓度变化，只是季节性。N：P比表明大多数样品中的P限制。通过SGD估算的溶解无机氮（DIN; 9303 t yr ^-1）和PO ₄ ^3-（950吨年^-1），分别为营养素的普克湾最显著源，并且特别是高于50吨年的（FSGD营养物负荷之前量化^-1和56吨年^-1为DIN和PO ₄ ^3-）。此处报告的SGD通量表明波罗的海报告的某些最高的沉积物-水通量率。这些结果表明，SGD（FSGD和RSGD）均应被视为海洋环境中化学物质的来源。