Abstract Background Traditionally, microbial genome sequencing has been restrained to the species grown in pure culture. The development of culture-independent techniques over the last decade allows scientists to sequence microbial communities directly from environmental samples. Metagenomics is the study of complex genome by the isolation of DNA of the whole community. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of metagenomic DNA gives information about the microbial and taxonomical characterization of a particular niche. The objective of the present research is to study the microbial and taxonomical characterization of the metagenomic DNA, isolated from the frozen soil sample of a glacier in the north western Himalayas through NGS. Results The glacier community comprised of 16 phyla with the representation of members belonging to Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The number of genes annotated through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), GO, Pfam, Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs), and FIG databases were generated by COGNIZER. The annotation of genes assigned in each group from the metagenomics data through COG database and the number of genes annotated in different pathways through KEGG database were reported. Conclusion Results indicate that the glacier soil taken in the present study, harbors taxonomically and metabolically diverse communities. The major bacterial group present in the niche is Proteobacteria followed by Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, etc. Different genes were annotated through COG and KEGG databases that integrate genomic, chemical, and systemic functional information. How to cite: Gupta V, Singh I, Rasool S, et al. Next Generation sequencing and microbiome’s taxonomical characterization of frozen soil of North Western Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.03.003 .

中文翻译：

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印度查谟和克什米尔西北喜马拉雅山冻土的下一代测序和微生物组分类特征

摘要背景传统上，微生物基因组测序仅限于纯培养的物种。在过去十年中，独立于培养的技术的发展使科学家能够直接从环境样本中对微生物群落进行测序。宏基因组学是通过分离整个社区的DNA来研究复杂基因组。宏基因组 DNA 的下一代测序 (NGS) 提供有关特定生态位的微生物和分类学特征的信息。本研究的目的是研究宏基因组 DNA 的微生物和分类学特征，通过 NGS 从喜马拉雅山西北部冰川的冻土样本中分离。结果冰川群落由16个门组成，成员代表属于变形菌门和酸菌门。通过京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG)、GO、Pfam、蛋白质直系同源群 (COG) 和 FIG 数据库注释的基因数量由 COGNIZER 生成。报告了COG数据库中宏基因组数据中每组基因的注释，以及KEGG数据库中不同途径注释的基因数量。结论 结果表明，本研究中采用的冰川土壤具有分类和代谢多样化的群落。生态位中存在的主要细菌群是变形杆菌，其次是酸杆菌和放线菌等。不同的基因通过整合基因组、化学和系统功能信息的 COG 和 KEGG 数据库进行注释。如何引用：Gupta V、Singh I、Rasool S 等。印度查谟和克什米尔西北喜马拉雅山冻土的下一代测序和微生物组分类特征。电子 J 生物技术 2020；45。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.03.003。