Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether children’s theory of mind performance would differ according to the group membership of the mental inference target. Eighty 3- to 5-year-old children were administered standard theory of mind measures (diverse desires, false belief, and real-apparent emotion tasks) with either an ingroup or an outgroup target. The false belief performance of older 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds and younger 4-year-olds, was worse (a) with an ingroup than an outgroup target if they demonstrated high ingroup affiliation and (b) when they affiliated with the target, regardless of target group membership. Children’s performance in the diverse desires and real-apparent emotion tasks did not differ according to target group membership and children’s affiliation with the target. Overall, our results suggest that affiliation with the target could potentially undermine older preschoolers’ understanding that the target can hold a belief that deviates from one’s own belief.

中文翻译：

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心灵理解理论，但谁的心灵？与目标的从属关系与儿童的错误信念表现有关

摘要 本研究的目的是调查儿童的心理表现理论是否会根据心理推理目标的组成员身份而有所不同。80 名 3 至 5 岁的儿童接受了标准的心理测量理论（不同的欲望、错误的信念和真实的情感任务），其中有一个内群体目标或一个外群体目标。年龄较大的 4 岁儿童和 5 岁儿童的错误信念表现，但不是 3 岁儿童和更年轻的 4 岁儿童，如果他们表现出较高的内群体性，则其错误信念表现更差 (a) 与外群体目标相比隶属关系和 (b) 当他们隶属于目标时，无论目标组成员身份如何。儿童在不同的欲望和真实的情感任务中的表现并没有根据目标群体成员身份和儿童与目标的从属关系而有所不同。全面的，