Two experiments examined factors controlling human free-operant performance in relation to predictions based on the nature of bout-initiation and within-bout responding. Overall, responding was higher for a random ratio (RR) than a random interval (RI) schedule, with equal rates of reinforcement. Bout-initiation rates were not different across the two schedules, but within-bout rates were higher on the RR schedule. Response cost reduced overall rates of responding, but tended to suppress bout-initiation responding more than within-bout responding (Experiments 1 & 2). In contrast, reinforcement magnitude increased all forms of responding (Experiment 2). One explanation consistent with these effects is that bout-initiation responses are controlled by overall rates of reinforcement through their impact on the context (i.e. are stimulus-driven), but that within-bout responses are controlled by response reinforcement (i.e. are goal-directed). These current findings are discussed in the light of these theoretical suggestions.

中文翻译：

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控制人类自由操作行为微观结构的因素：回合开始和回合内反应受日程不同方面的影响

两个实验检查了控制人类自由操作表现的因素，这些因素与基于回合启动和回合内响应的性质的预测有关。总体而言，随机比率 (RR) 的响应高于随机间隔 (RI) 计划，强化率相同。两个时间表的回合开始率没有差异，但 RR 时间表的回合内率更高。响应成本降低了总体响应率，但往往比回合内响应更能抑制回合启动响应（实验 1 和 2）。相比之下，强化幅度增加了所有形式的反应（实验 2）。与这些效应一致的一种解释是，通过对环境的影响（即受刺激驱动），回合启动反应受整体强化率的控制，但回合内的反应是由反应强化控制的（即是目标导向的）。根据这些理论建议讨论了这些当前的发现。