Wild edible plants as well as medicinal herbs are still widely used natural resources in Eastern Europe that are frequently accessed by the local population. Ethnobotanical studies rarely give insight to the specific ecosystems in which wild food and medicinal plants grow in a spatially explicit way. The present work assesses the potential of different ecosystems to provide wild plants for food and medicinal use based on 37 selected plant species, gives an estimate on the actual use of wild plants, and allows insights into the motivation of local people to collect wild plants. A number of interdisciplinary methods were used: participatory stakeholder workshops with experts scoring the provisioning capacity of ecosystem types, GIS for representing results (capacity maps), basic data statistics for actual use assessment, and interviews for analysing motivations. Capacity to provide wild edible plants was assessed highest in broad-leaved forests and wetlands, while for medicinal herbs, orchards were rated best. We could find a multitude of motivations for gathering that could be grouped along four main lines corresponding to major dimensions of well-being (health, habit/tradition, nutrition/income, pleasure/emotional), with health reasons dominating very clearly the range (59% of answers), which can be interpreted as a combination of modern “green” values with a traditional lifestyle. We detected some distinct patterns of motivations between the different social groups analysed with more fundamental needs associated with lower level socio-ecological background. This case study provides an example on the importance of wild plants for locals from several points of view. We emphasize the relevance of these local stakeholder views to be included in decision-making and ecosystem management, which can be achieved by the presented workflow for mapping and assessment of ecosystem services which is also compatible with EU-suggested Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES).

中文翻译：

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浆果，绿色食品和药用植物—特兰西瓦尼亚（罗马尼亚）将野生植物作为生态系统服务进行映射和评估

野生食用植物以及草药仍然是东欧广泛使用的自然资源，当地居民经常使用这种资源。人类植物学研究很少能洞悉野生食物和药用植物在空间上明确生长的特定生态系统。本工作基于37种选定的植物物种，评估了不同生态系统为食品和药用野生植物提供潜力的潜力，对野生植物的实际利用进行了估算，并使人们了解了当地人收集野生植物的动机。使用了许多跨学科方法：参与性的利益相关者研讨会，专家们对生态系统类型的供应能力进行了评分，代表结果的GIS（容量图），用于实际使用评估的基本数据统计，并进行访谈以分析动机。在阔叶林和湿地中提供野生食用植物的能力被评估为最高，而在药草中，果园被评为最佳。我们可以找到许多收集动机，这些动机可以按照与幸福感的主要方面（健康，习惯/传统，营养/收入，娱乐/情感）相对应的四个主要方面进行归类，其中健康原因非常明显地影响了这一范围（ 59％的答案），可以解释为现代“绿色”价值观与传统生活方式的结合。我们检测到不同社会群体之间动机的不同模式，这些动机与较低水平的社会生态背景相关的更基本的需求被分析。该案例研究从多个角度提供了一个例子，说明野生植物对当地人的重要性。我们强调要在决策和生态系统管理中纳入这些当地利益相关者观点的相关性，这可以通过提出的生态系统服务测绘和评估工作流程来实现，该工作流程也与欧盟建议的生态系统测绘和评估及其服务（MAES）。