The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, belonging to the Chelicerata in the phylum Arthropoda, has emerged as an experimental system for studying mechanisms of development from an evolutionary standpoint. In this article, we review the distinct characteristics of P. tepidariorum, the major research questions relevant to this organism, and the available key methods and resources. P. tepidariorum has a relatively short lifecycle and, once mated, periodically lays eggs. The morphogenetic field of the P. tepidariorum embryo is cellular from an early stage and exhibits stepwise symmetry-breaking events and stripe-forming processes that are associated with body axes formation and segmentation, respectively, before reaching the arthropod phylotypic stage. Self-regulatory capabilities of the embryonic field are a prominent feature in P. tepidariorum. The mechanisms and logic underlying the evolvability of heritable patterning systems at the phylum level could be one of the major avenues of research investigated using this animal. The sequenced genome reveals whole genome duplication (WGD) within chelicerates, which offers an invertebrate platform for investigating the potential roles of WGD in animal diversification and evolution. The development and evolution of lineage-specific organs, including the book lungs and the union of spinnerets and silk glands, are attractive subjects of study. Studies using P. tepidariorum can benefit from the use of parental RNA interference, microinjection applications (including cell labeling and embryonic RNA interference), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, and laser ablation as well as rich genomic and transcriptomic resources. These techniques enable functional gene discoveries and the uncovering of cellular and molecular insights.

中文翻译：

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普通家蜘蛛Parasteatoda tepidariorum。

属于节肢动物门Chelicerata的普通蜘蛛蜘蛛拟变种（Parasteatoda tepidariorum）已成为一种从进化的角度研究发育机制的实验系统。在本文中，我们回顾了拟南芥的独特特征，与该生物有关的主要研究问题以及可用的关键方法和资源。tepidariorum的生命周期相对较短，一旦交配，就会定期产卵。斑节对虾胚胎的形态发生场从早期开始就呈细胞状态，并且在达到节肢动物系统发育阶段之前，分别表现出逐步的对称性破坏事件和与体轴形成和分段相关的条带形成过程。胚胎场的自我调节能力是P中的突出特征。tepidariorum。可遗传的图案系统在门类水平上进化的潜在机制和逻辑可能是使用这种动物进行调查的主要研究途径之一。测序的基因组揭示了螯合物内的全基因组重复（WGD），这为研究WGD在动物多样化和进化中的潜在作用提供了无脊椎动物平台。特定世系器官的发展和进化，包括书中的肺以及喷丝板和丝腺的结合，是有吸引力的研究主题。使用棒状疟原虫的研究可受益于亲本RNA干扰的使用，显微注射应用（包括细胞标记和胚胎RNA干扰），多色荧光原位杂交，激光消融以及丰富的基因组和转录组资源。