Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an emerging method for bone tissue reconstruction. In oral and maxillofacial reconstruction applications, DO is playing an important role as a technique without the need of bone graft. In addition, in a DO treatment procedure, a superior outcome could be achieved compared to conventional reconstruction techniques. Recently, a few automatic continuous distraction osteogenesis (ACDO) devices have been designed and developed to be used in human reconstruction applications. Experiments and animal studies have validated the functionality of the developed ACDO devices. It has shown that by using such ACDO devices in a DO procedure, compared to conventional manual DO methods, superior outcomes could be obtained. However, the application of such ACDO devices is still limited. More research and investigation need to be undertaken to study all requirements of ACDO devices to be used in successful human mandibular DO treatment. It is important to determine all requirements and standards that need to be considered and applied in the design and development of ACDO devices. The purpose of this review paper is to highlight the designed and developed ACDO procedures thus far in terms of their working principles, working parameters, and technical aspects for providing a better perspective of the development progress of ACDO devices for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction applications. In this paper, design principles, device specifications, and working parameters of ACDO devices are compared and discussed. Subsequently, current limitations and gaps have been addressed, and future works for enabling an ultimate automatic DO procedure have been suggested.

中文翻译：

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用于下颌骨重建应用的自动连续牵引成骨装置的综述

牵引成骨术（DO）是一种新兴的骨组织重建方法。在口腔和颌面重建应用中，溶解氧（DO）作为一种不需要骨移植技术的重要作用。另外，在DO治疗过程中，与常规重建技术相比，可以获得更好的结果。最近，已经设计和开发了一些自动连续牵引成骨（ACDO）设备，用于人体重建应用。实验和动物研究已经验证了开发的ACDO设备的功能。结果表明，与常规的手动DO方法相比，通过在DO过程中使用此类ACDO设备，可以获得更好的结果。但是，这种ACDO设备的应用仍然受到限制。需要进行更多的研究和调查，以研究将ACDO设备用于成功的人类下颌DO治疗的所有要求。确定在ACDO设备的设计和开发中需要考虑和应用的所有要求和标准非常重要。本文的目的是从工作原理，工作参数和技术方面着重介绍迄今为止设计和开发的ACDO程序，以便更好地了解口腔和颌面重建应用ACDO设备的开发进度。本文对ACDO设备的设计原理，设备规格和工作参数进行了比较和讨论。随后，解决了当前的限制和差距，