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Solar ultraviolet-induced DNA damage response: Melanocytes story in transformation to environmental melanomagenesis.
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-13 , DOI: 10.1002/em.22370
Soumyadeep Sarkar 1 , Shobhan Gaddameedhi 1, 2
Affiliation  

Exposure to sunlight is both beneficial, as it heats the planet to a comfortable temperature, and potentially harmful, since sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is deemed detrimental for living organisms. Earth's ozone layer plays a vital role in blocking most of the extremely dangerous UVC; however, low frequency/energy UVR (i.e., UVB and UVA) seeps through in minute amount and reaches the Earth's surface. Both UVB and UVA are physiologically responsible for a plethora of skin ailments, including skin cancers. The UVR is readily absorbed by the genomic DNA of skin cells, causing DNA bond distortion and UV‐induced DNA damage. As a defense mechanism, the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling in skin cells activates nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is responsible for the removal of UVR‐induced DNA photolesions and helps maintain the genomic integrity of the cells. Failure of proper NER function leads to mutagenesis and development of skin cancers. One of the deadliest form of skin cancers is melanoma which originates upon the genetic transformation of melanocytes, melanin producing skin cells. NER is a well‐studied DNA repair system in the whole skin, as a tissue, but not much is known about it in melanocytes. Therefore, this review encapsulates NER in melanocytes, with a specific focus on its functional regulators and their cross talks due to skin heterogeneity and divulging the potential knowledge gap in the field.

中文翻译:

太阳紫外线引起的 DNA 损伤反应:黑色素细胞向环境黑色素瘤形成转变的故事。

暴露在阳光下既有益,因为它可以将地球加热到舒适的温度,也可能有害,因为阳光含有紫外线辐射 (UVR),被认为对生物体有害。地球的臭氧层在阻挡大部分极其危险的 UVC 方面起着至关重要的作用;然而,低频/能量 UVR(即 UVB 和 UVA)微量渗透并到达地球表面。UVB 和 UVA 在生理上都会导致多种皮肤病,包括皮肤癌。UVR 很容易被皮肤细胞的基因组 DNA 吸收,导致 DNA 键扭曲和紫外线诱导的 DNA 损伤。作为一种防御机制,皮肤细胞中的 DNA 损伤反应 (DDR) 信号激活核苷酸切除修复 (NER),它负责去除 UVR 诱导的 DNA 光损伤,并有助于维持细胞的基因组完整性。正常 NER 功能的失败会导致皮肤癌的诱变和发展。最致命的皮肤癌之一是黑色素瘤,它起源于黑色素细胞(产生黑色素的皮肤细胞)的遗传转化。NER 是一种在整个皮肤(作为组织)中得到充分研究的 DNA 修复系统,但对黑色素细胞中的它知之甚少。因此,这篇综述将 NER 封装在黑色素细胞中,特别关注其功能调节剂及其因皮肤异质性而产生的相互作用,并揭示该领域潜在的知识差距。最致命的皮肤癌之一是黑色素瘤,它起源于黑色素细胞(产生黑色素的皮肤细胞)的遗传转化。NER 是一种在整个皮肤(作为组织)中得到充分研究的 DNA 修复系统,但对黑色素细胞中的它知之甚少。因此,这篇综述将 NER 封装在黑色素细胞中,特别关注其功能调节剂及其因皮肤异质性而产生的相互作用,并揭示该领域潜在的知识差距。最致命的皮肤癌之一是黑色素瘤,它起源于黑色素细胞(产生黑色素的皮肤细胞)的遗传转化。NER 是一种在整个皮肤(作为组织)中得到充分研究的 DNA 修复系统,但对黑色素细胞中的它知之甚少。因此,这篇综述将 NER 封装在黑色素细胞中,特别关注其功能调节剂及其因皮肤异质性而产生的相互作用,并揭示该领域潜在的知识差距。
更新日期:2020-04-13
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