Trustworthiness is assumed to be processed implicitly from faces, despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of research has only involved explicit trustworthiness judgements. To answer the question whether or not trustworthiness processing can be implicit, we apply an electroencephalography fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm, where electrophysiological cortical activity is triggered in synchrony with facial trustworthiness cues, without explicit judgements. Face images were presented at 6 Hz, with facial trustworthiness varying at 1 Hz. Significant responses at 1 Hz were observed, indicating that differences in the trustworthiness of the faces were reflected in the neural signature. These responses were significantly reduced for inverted faces, suggesting that the results are associated with higher order face processing. The neural responses were reliable, and correlated with explicit trustworthiness judgements, suggesting that the technique is capable of picking up on stable individual differences in trustworthiness processing. By demonstrating neural activity associated with implicit trustworthiness judgements, our results contribute to resolving a key theoretical debate. Moreover, our data show that FPVS is a valuable tool to examine face processing at the individual level, with potential application in pre-verbal and clinical populations who struggle with verbalization, understanding or memory.

中文翻译：

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客观和可靠的电生理指标，用于隐性信任感知。

尽管绝大多数研究只涉及显式的可信度判断，但事实证明，可信度是从面孔隐式处理的。为了回答是否可以隐含地进行可信度处理的问题，我们应用了脑电图快速周期性视觉刺激（FPVS）范例，其中电生理皮质活动与面部可信度线索同步触发，而没有明确的判断。面部图像以6 Hz的频率显示，面部可信赖度以1 Hz的频率变化。观察到在1 Hz时有明显的响应，表明在神经签名中反映了面孔的可信度差异。对于倒置脸部，这些响应显着降低，表明结果与高阶脸部处理相关。神经反应是可靠的，并且与显式的可信度判断相关，这表明该技术能够在可信度处理中获得稳定的个体差异。通过展示与隐式信任判断相关的神经活动，我们的结果有助于解决关键的理论辩论。此外，我们的数据表明，FPVS是在个人层面检查面部处理的有价值的工具，并可能在口头和临床人群中进行口头表达，理解或记忆方面的潜在应用。通过展示与隐式信任判断相关的神经活动，我们的结果有助于解决关键的理论辩论。此外，我们的数据表明，FPVS是在个人层面检查面部处理的有价值的工具，并可能在口头和临床人群中进行口头表达，理解或记忆方面的潜在应用。通过展示与隐式信任判断相关的神经活动，我们的结果有助于解决关键的理论辩论。此外，我们的数据表明，FPVS是在个人层面检查面部处理的有价值的工具，并可能在口头和临床人群中进行口头表达，理解或记忆方面的潜在应用。