Abstract The Magnus effect and the reverse Magnus effect are studied on golf balls and on smooth balls, each of which are moving in still air. The fluid motion around the balls is measured using 2-component particle image velocimetry (PIV). The PIV data are used to compute the out-of-plane component of vorticity, and the vorticity field, along with the velocity field, is used to find the locations and state of the boundary layers at separation on the top and bottom of the ball. The reverse Magnus effect occurs when the spin is sufficient to cause the retreating boundary layer to be laminar, while the advancing side is turbulent. The reverse Magnus regime ends when the retreating side becomes turbulent due to the separation point moving into a strong adverse pressure gradient on the rear of the ball. Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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高尔夫球和在静止空气中运动的光滑球的反向马格努斯效应研究

摘要 研究了在静止空气中运动的高尔夫球和光滑球的马格努斯效应和反向马格努斯效应。使用 2 分量粒子图像测速法 (PIV) 测量球周围的流体运动。PIV数据用于计算涡量的平面外分量，涡量场与速度场一起用于找到球顶部和底部分离时边界层的位置和状态. 当自旋足以使后退边界层成为层流，而前进侧是湍流时，就会发生反向马格努斯效应。当后退侧由于分离点移动到球后部的强烈不利压力梯度而变得湍流时，反向马格努斯状态结束。图形摘要