Human skin has a complex multilayer structure consisting of non-homogeneous, non-linear, viscoelastic, anisotropic materials subjected to in vivo pre-tension. This natural tension is due to the networks of collagen and elastin fibers in the skin. The three-dimensional (3D) organization of the collagen and elastin fibers initiates the multidirectional natural tensions in the skin volume. The state of these networks influences the surface topography of the skin which depends on the area of the body and on the age of the person. This work presents two experimental methods for characterizing the anisotropic behavior of human skin and its natural tension in vivo by measuring the Rayleigh wave propagation speed in the skin and analyzing the relief of the latter. All the tests were performed on the forearm of 11 female volunteers representing two age groups: [23–28] and [39–54] years old. Non-contact impact tests were conducted, and skin replicas taken using new experimen...

中文翻译：

---

表征人类皮肤浮雕的各向异性行为及其与年龄效应相关的体内力学性能的方法

人体皮肤具有复杂的多层结构，该多层结构由经受体内预张力的非均质，非线性，粘弹性，各向异性材料组成。这种自然张力是由于皮肤中胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白纤维的网络所致。胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白纤维的三维（3D）组织引发皮肤体积中的多方向自然张力。这些网络的状态会影响皮肤的表面形貌，这取决于身体的面积和人的年龄。这项工作提出了两种实验方法来表征人体皮肤的各向异性行为及其在体内的自然张力，方法是测量瑞利波在皮肤中的传播速度并分析其缓解情况。所有测试均在代表两个年龄组的11名女性志愿者的前臂上进行的：[23–28]岁和[39–54]岁。进行了非接触式冲击测试，并使用新的实验方法对皮肤进行了复制。