With the rapid development of industrial, large amounts of different inorganic and organic pollutants are released into the natural environments. The efficient elimination of environmental pollutants, i.e., photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants into nontoxic organic/inorganic chemicals, in-situ solidification or sorption-reduction of heavy metal ions, is crucial to protect the environment. Nanomaterials with large surface area, active sites and abundant functional groups could form strong surface complexes with different kinds of pollutants and thereby could efficiently eliminate the pollutants from the aqueous solutions. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent works about the synthesis of nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient elimination of different organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and discussed the interaction mechanism from batch experimental results, the advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations. The adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants and the sorption/reduction of heavy metal ions are generally considered as the main methods to decrease the concentration of pollutants in the natural environment. This review highlights a new way for the real applications of novel nanomaterials in environmental pollution management, especially for the undergraduate students to understand the recent works in the elimination of different kinds of inorganic and organic chemicals in the natural environmental pollution management.

随着工业的快速发展，大量不同的无机和有机污染物被释放到自然环境中。有效消除环境污染物，即将持久性有机污染物光催化降解为原位无毒有机/无机化学品重金属离子的固化或吸附还原，对于保护环境至关重要。具有大的表面积，活性位点和丰富的官能团的纳米材料可以与不同种类的污染物形成牢固的表面复合物，从而可以有效地从水溶液中消除污染物。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注纳米材料的合成及其在有效去除废水中不同有机和无机污染物中的应用的最新研究，并从批处理实验结果，先进的光谱技术和理论计算中讨论了相互作用机理。有机污染物的吸附和光催化还原以及重金属离子的吸附/还原通常被认为是降低自然环境中污染物浓度的主要方法。这篇综述为在环境污染管理中实际应用新型纳米材料提供了一种新途径，特别是让大学生了解在自然环境污染管理中消除各种无机和有机化学物质方面的最新工作。