Attentional bias to food stimuli may contribute to the etiology and/or maintenance of overweight and obesity. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify the effect size associated with attentional bias to palatable food in persons with overweight/obesity across the age spectrum. Included studies measured attentional bias to food stimuli using two reaction-time tasks (dot-probe, emotional Stroop), eye-tracking methodology, and/or event-related potentials. Meta-analysis showed that persons with overweight/obesity did not differ from persons with a healthy weight on any of the following: automatic and maintained attention to food stimuli measured by the dot-probe task (Hedge's gautomatic = -0.355, 95% CI = -0.383, 0.486; and Hedge's gmaintained = 0.006, 95% CI = -0.187, 0.199); attentional bias to food stimuli measured by the emotional Stroop task (Hedge's g = 0.184, 95% CI = -0.283, 0.651); and attentional bias to food images on gaze-direction and gaze-duration bias eye-tracking metrics (Hedge's gdirection = 0.317, 95% CI = -0.096, 0.729; and Hedge's gduration = 0.056, 95% CI = -0.296, 0.407). Systematic review of preliminary event-related potentials research suggested automatic, but not maintained, attention to food images in persons with overweight/obesity. Limitations of past attentional bias research in overweight/obesity, such as poor reliability of measures and lack of consideration of moderators, such as binge eating and degree of overweight/obesity, preclude the ability to draw firm conclusions. We recommend implementation of empirically based methods for improving psychometric properties of attentional bias measures and examination of potential moderators so that the field can understand whether attentional bias to food is truly greater in overweight/obesity.

中文翻译：

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超重和肥胖个体对食物的注意力偏向的系统评价和荟萃分析

对食物刺激的注意偏向可能导致超重和肥胖的病因和/或维持。我们根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南进行了文献回顾和荟萃分析，以确定与年龄范围内超重/肥胖人群对可口食物的注意力偏向相关的影响大小。纳入的研究使用两种反应时间任务（点探针、情绪 Stroop）、眼动追踪方法和/或事件相关电位测量对食物刺激的注意偏差。荟萃分析表明，超重/肥胖者与健康体重者在以下任何方面没有区别：通过点探针任务测量的对食物刺激的自动和持续关注（Hedge's gautomatic = -0.355, 95% CI = -0.383、0.486；和 Hedge 的 gmaintained = 0.006, 95% CI = -0.187, 0.199)；通过情绪 Stroop 任务测量的对食物刺激的注意偏差（Hedge's g = 0.184, 95% CI = -0.283, 0.651）；以及在注视方向和注视持续时间偏差眼动追踪指标上对食物图像的注意偏差（Hedge 的 gdirection = 0.317, 95% CI = -0.096, 0.729; and Hedge's gduration = 0.056, 95% CI = -0.296, 0.407）。对初步事件相关电位研究的系统审查表明，对超重/肥胖人群的食物图像自动但未保持关注。过去在超重/肥胖方面的注意力偏差研究的局限性，例如测量的可靠性差和缺乏对调节因素的考虑，例如暴饮暴食和超重/肥胖程度，排除了得出确切结论的能力。