Abstract Accumulation of phosphorus (P) in soil can be a problem on intensive livestock farms with maize cropping, when mineral P starter fertilisers are applied in combination with evenly injected liquid manure before sowing. We examined the possibilities of replacing mineral P starter fertiliser with placement of cattle slurry close to the maize row before sowing in a two-year field study. The study was carried out on a sandy loam (pH of 6.1 and Olsen-P content of 44 mg P kg−1) and a coarse sandy soil (pH of 5.9 and Olsen-P content of 34 mg P kg−1) in Denmark. Slurry was row-injected at 10 cm depth in a broad-band with a 26-cm wide goosefoot tine or in a narrow-band. These two row-injection methods were combined with a nitrification inhibitor and/or slurry acidification. Treatments with evenly injected slurry at random lateral positions relative to the maize row (non-placed slurry) with increasing amounts of mineral starter P (0, 10 and 30 kg P ha−1, respectively) were included as reference treatments. Slurry placement in narrow or broad bands combined with slurry acidification or a nitrification inhibitor resulted in leaf P concentrations at the five-leaf stage that were significantly higher than the reference treatment with non-placed slurry and no mineral starter P. However, increased leaf P concentrations at the early growth stage did not always turn into higher yields at harvest. The highest dry matter yields (up to +1.9 Mg dry matter yield ha−1 compared to the reference treatment with non-placed slurry and no mineral starter P) were obtained when slurry was applied in a broad band below the maize row, but on the sandy loam only in combination with a nitrification inhibitor or slurry acidification. The P uptake at harvest did not differ among treatments (averaged 37 and 28 kg P ha-1 on the sandy loam and coarse sandy soil, respectively), and consequently the P surplus could be markedly reduced by omitting the use of mineral starter P fertiliser. We conclude that placement of cattle slurry in broad bands below the row can substitute the use of mineral P starter fertiliser and thus reduce farm P surpluses in silage maize cropping.

中文翻译：

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行注牛粪可以替代矿物磷起始肥料并减少磷过剩，而不会影响青贮玉米的最终产量

摘要 土壤中磷 (P) 的积累可能是种植玉米的集约化养殖场的一个问题，当在播种前将矿物磷起始肥料与均匀注入的液体肥料结合使用时。在为期两年的田间研究中，我们研究了在播种前在靠近玉米行的地方放置牛粪来替代矿物 P 起始肥料的可能性。该研究在丹麦的砂质壤土（pH 值为 6.1，Olsen-P 含量为 44 mg P kg-1）和粗砂质土壤（pH 值为 5.9，Olsen-P 含量为 34 mg P kg-1）上进行. 用 26 厘米宽的鹅足尖叉在 10 厘米深的宽带或窄带中排注入浆液。这两种排注方法与硝化抑制剂和/或浆液酸化相结合。将相对于玉米行（未放置的泥浆）在随机横向位置均匀注入泥浆并增加矿物起始剂 P（分别为 0、10 和 30 kg P ha-1）的处理作为参考处理。在窄带或宽带中放置浆液并结合浆液酸化或硝化抑制剂导致五叶期的叶磷浓度显着高于未放置浆液和无矿物发酵剂的参考处理。 然而，增加了叶磷早期生长阶段的浓度并不总是在收获时转化为更高的产量。当在玉米行下方的较宽范围内施用泥浆时，获得最高的干物质产量（与使用未放置的泥浆和无矿物起始剂 P 的参考处理相比，高达 +1.9 Mg 干物质产量 ha-1）。但在砂壤土上只能与硝化抑制剂或泥浆酸化结合使用。收获时的磷吸收量在不同处理之间没有差异（在沙壤土和粗砂土上平均分别为 37 和 28 kg P ha-1），因此通过省略使用矿物起始磷肥可以显着减少磷过剩. 我们得出的结论是，在行下方的宽带中放置牛粪可以替代矿物磷起始肥料的使用，从而减少青贮玉米种植中的农场磷过剩。因此，可以通过省略使用矿物发酵剂磷肥来显着减少磷过剩。我们得出的结论是，在行下方的宽带中放置牛粪可以替代矿物磷起始肥料的使用，从而减少青贮玉米种植中的农场磷过剩。因此，可以通过省略使用矿物发酵剂磷肥来显着减少磷过剩。我们得出的结论是，在行下方的宽带中放置牛粪可以替代矿物磷起始肥料的使用，从而减少青贮玉米种植中的农场磷过剩。