Abstract Adherent biological cells generate traction forces on a substrate that play a central role for migration, mechanosensing, differentiation, and collective behavior. The established method for quantifying this cell–substrate interaction is traction force microscopy (TFM). In spite of recent advancements, inference of the traction forces from measurements remains very sensitive to noise. However, suppression of the noise reduces the measurement accuracy and the spatial resolution, which makes it crucial to select an optimal level of noise reduction. Here, we present a fully automated method for noise reduction and robust, standardized traction-force reconstruction. The method, termed Bayesian Fourier transform traction cytometry, combines the robustness of Bayesian L2 regularization with the computation speed of Fourier transform traction cytometry. We validate the performance of the method with synthetic and real data. The method is made freely available as a software package with a graphical user-interface for intuitive usage. Program summary Program Title: Easy-to-use TFM software Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/229bnpp8rb.1 Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License v3.0 Programming language: Matlab version R2010b or higher Supplementary material: A user manual for the software and a test data set. Nature of problem: Calculation of the traction forces on the surface of an elastic material from observed displacements. Solution method: Traction forces are efficiently calculated by combining L2 regularization in Fourier space with Bayesian inference of the regularization parameter.

中文翻译：

---

在用户友好的软件包中具有自动去噪的贝叶斯牵引力显微镜方法

摘要 粘附生物细胞在基质上产生牵引力，在迁移、机械感应、分化和集体行为中起核心作用。用于量化这种细胞-底物相互作用的既定方法是牵引力显微镜 (TFM)。尽管最近取得了进展，但从测量中推断牵引力仍然对噪声非常敏感。然而，噪声抑制会降低测量精度和空间分辨率，因此选择最佳降噪水平至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一种用于降噪和稳健、标准化的牵引力重建的全自动方法。该方法称为贝叶斯傅里叶变换牵引细胞术，结合了贝叶斯 L2 正则化的鲁棒性和傅立叶变换牵引细胞术的计算速度。我们使用合成数据和真实数据验证该方法的性能。该方法可作为具有图形用户界面的软件包免费提供，以便直观使用。程序摘要 程序名称：易于使用的 TFM 软件程序文件 doi：http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/229bnpp8rb.1 许可条款：GNU 通用公共许可证 v3.0 编程语言：Matlab 版本 R2010b 或更高补充材料：软件的用户手册和测试数据集。问题的性质：根据观察到的位移计算弹性材料表面的牵引力。解决方法：