Abstract Across a broad spectrum of U.S. cities, central urban neighborhoods have undergone significant demographic and socio-economic change over the last few decades, with many having experienced gentrification-induced displacement. Rather than aiming to identify and track neighborhood change across a diverse set of individual neighborhoods, this investigation focuses foremost on unpacking the concept of gentrification. Using a principal component analysis (PCA), I characterize neighborhood change between 2000 and 2015 (2013/17) along four independent dimensions, including a factor to represent the “core” attributes of gentrification and a set of frequently-associated “peripheral” factors that represent neighborhood growth, youthification, and professionalization. The analysis includes the 110 urban cores (UC) (an area defined as those U.S. Census tracts within 3 km of city hall) situated within U.S. metropolitan areas with a population of 500,000 or more as of 2018. Some UCs that experienced relatively high levels of gentrification over the study period also exhibited high levels of growth, youthification, and/or professionalization. Most, however, experienced substantial change along only one or two of the four dimensions. A Local Moran's I test of spatial autocorrelation was employed to evaluate potential regional variations in UC neighborhood change along each of the four dimensions. With the exception of professionalization, the dimensions of neighborhood change exhibited clear regional differentiation with relatively high levels of UC gentrification in the Southeast, and relatively low growth but high levels of youthification in the East.

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绅士化中心：基于变化的美国城市核心类型学，2000-2015

摘要 在美国众多城市中，中心城市街区在过去几十年中经历了重大的人口和社会经济变化，其中许多都经历了中产阶级化导致的流离失所。这项调查的重点不是识别和跟踪不同社区的社区变化，而是首先关注解开高档化的概念。使用主成分分析 (PCA)，我沿四个独立维度描述了 2000 年至 2015 年（2013/17 年）之间的邻里变化，包括一个代表绅士化“核心”属性的因素和一组经常相关的“外围”因素代表社区成长、年轻化和专业化。分析包括 110 个城市核心 (UC)（定义为美国的区域）距市政厅 3 公里范围内的人口普查区）位于美国大都市区，截至 2018 年人口为 50 万或以上。一些在研究期间经历相对较高高档化水平的加州大学也表现出较高的增长水平、年轻化和/或专业化。然而，大多数人仅在四个维度中的一个或两个维度上经历了重大变化。空间自相关的 Local Moran's I 检验用于评估沿四个维度中每一个维度的 UC 邻域变化的潜在区域变化。除专业化外，邻里变化的维度表现出明显的区域差异，东南部加州大学绅士化水平相对较高，东部增长相对较低但青年化水平较高。