Abstract The present paper concerns the extreme wave loads acting on an offshore structure; specifically the wave-in-deck loading component that arises when the height of an incident wave crest exceeds the elevation of the topside structure. In this case wave inundation occurs, the resulting loads on the topside structure represent a significant part of the total wave load. A new model for the effective prediction of this important loading component is presented. This is based upon the conservation of momentum, is formulated in a Lagrangian frame of reference, can incorporate any incident wave form, and takes due account of the porosity (or openness) of the topside structure. Comparisons between the model predictions and wide-ranging laboratory observations are shown to be in good agreement; the latter based upon deterministic focused wave events that are known to be representative of the largest waves arising in realistic sea-states. In addition, comparisons are also made with independent cfd calculations. Taken together, the proposed model is shown to accommodate changes in the spectral shape, the spectral peak period, the incident crest elevation (and hence the level of inundation), the directional spread of the incident waves, and the porosity of the topside structure. Importantly, this agreement applies to both non-breaking and breaking waves, involves no empirical calibration, and can be achieved with limited computational resources. As such, the model is ideally suited to design/re-assessment calculations in which the reliability of any offshore structure must be based upon a rigorous assessment of the long-term distribution of the total wave loads, including any wave-in-deck loading component.

中文翻译：

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甲板波浪载荷的有效预测

摘要 本文研究了作用在海上结构上的极端波浪载荷；特别是当入射波峰的高度超过顶部结构的标高时出现的甲板波浪载荷分量。在这种情况下，波浪淹没发生，上层结构上产生的载荷占总波浪载荷的很大一部分。提出了一种有效预测这一重要载荷分量的新模型。这是基于动量守恒，在拉格朗日参考系中制定，可以包含任何入射波形，并适当考虑了上部结构的孔隙率（或开放性）。模型预测与广泛的实验室观察结果之间的比较显示出良好的一致性；后者基于确定性聚焦波浪事件，已知这些波浪事件代表了现实海况中出现的最大波浪。此外，还通过独立的 cfd 计算进行了比较。综上所述，所提出的模型显示出适应光谱形状、光谱峰值周期、入射波峰高程（以及因此淹没水平）、入射波的定向传播和上部结构孔隙度的变化。重要的是，该协议适用于非破碎波和破碎波，不涉及经验校准，并且可以在有限的计算资源下实现。因此，