Gram-negative bacteria secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play critical roles in intraspecies, interspecies, and bacteria-environment interactions. Some OMVs, such as those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have previously been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against competitor species. In the current study, we demonstrate that OMVs from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit the growth of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. We show that a number of antimicrobial compounds, including peptidoglycan hydrolases, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-non-enyl)-quinoline (HMNQ) and long-chain rhamnolipid are present in or tightly associate with B. thailandensis OMVs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HMNQ and rhamnolipid possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These findings indicate that B. thailandensis secretes antimicrobial OMVs that may impart a survival advantage by eliminating competition. In addition, bacterial OMVs may represent an untapped resource of novel therapeutics effective against bio-film-forming and multidrug-resistant organisms.

中文翻译：

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Burkholderia thailandensis外膜囊泡对耐药菌和竞争者微生物具有抗菌活性。

革兰氏阴性细菌分泌外膜囊泡（OMV），它们在种内，种间以及细菌与环境的相互作用中起关键作用。某些OMV（例如由铜绿假单胞菌产生的OMV）先前已显示出对竞争者物种具有抗菌活性。在当前的研究中，我们证明了来自泰国伯克霍尔德菌的OMV抑制了药物敏感性和耐药性细菌和真菌的生长。我们显示了许多抗菌化合物，包括肽聚糖水解酶，4-羟基-3-甲基-2-（2-非烯基）-喹啉（HMNQ）和长链鼠李糖脂都存在于B. thailandensis中或与之紧密结合。OMV。此外，我们证明HMNQ和鼠李糖脂具有抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的抗菌和生物膜特性。这些发现表明，泰国芽孢杆菌分泌抗菌OMV，通过消除竞争可以赋予生存优势。此外，细菌OMV可能代表了有效的针对生物膜形成和多药耐药生物的新型疗法的未开发资源。